Analysis of coagulation alteration and its correlation with β2-microglobulin in 371 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of basic clinical data between the MM and normal control groups [n (%) /M(P25-P75)]

Variables	Control group (n = 48)	MM group (n = 371)	p-value
Gender (cases/%)
Males	26 (54.2%)	237 (63.9%)	0.250
Females	22 (45.8%)	134 (36.1%)
Age (years)	60.5 (56.2–71.0)	61.0 (54.0–68.0)	0.643
DS staging			None
I	None	18 (4.9%)
II	None	25 (6.7%)
III	None	328 (88.4%)
ISS staging			None
I	None	90 (24.3%)
II	None	79 (21.3%)
III	None	202 (54.4%)
Indexes
PT (s)	10.9 (10.5–11.4)	11.8 (11.1–13.1)	<0.001
APTT (s)	25.6 (23.4–28.5)	27.8 (23.1–34.0)	0.087
FIB (g/L)	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	3.0 (2.3–3.7)	0.022
TT (s)	17.1 (16.4–17.6)	18.2 (16.9–20.7)	<0.001
FDP (mg/L)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	3.5 (2.1–6.4)	<0.001
D-D (mg/L)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)	1.3 (0.7–2.3)	<0.001

Figure 1. Comparison of coagulation function indicators in different DS stages; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table 2. Comparison of results of coagulation function indicators in different DS stages [n /M(P25–P75)].

Indexes	Control group (n = 48)	Stage I (n = 18)	Stage II (n = 25)	Stage III (n = 328)	p-value
PT (s)	10.9 (10.5–11.4)	11.5 (11.0–11.9)	11.7 (11.0–12.5)	11.9 (11.1–13.3)	<0.001
APTT (s)	25.6 (23.4–28.5)	26.4 (23.3–30.4)	28.0 (23.2–35.1)	27.9 (23.2–34.0)	0.256
FIB (g/L)	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	3.0 (2.7–3.7)	3.0 (1.9–3.6)	3.0 (2.3–3.7)	0.088
TT (s)	17.1 (16.4–17.6)	17.9 (16.5–19.3)	18.0 (16.7–19.9)	18.3 (16.9–21.0)	<0.001
FDP (mg/L)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	3.1 (2.2–3.7)	3.1 (2.1–7.1)	3.6 (2.1–6.4)	<0.001
D-D (mg/L)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	1.3 (0.6–1.6)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	<0.001

Figure 2. Comparison of results of coagulation function indicators for different ISS stages. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table 3. Comparison of results of coagulation function indicators in different ISS stages [n /M(P25–P75)].

Indexes	Control (n = 48)	Stage I (n = 90)	Stage II (n = 79)	Stage III (n = 202)	p-value
PT (s)	10.9 (10.5–11.4)	11.4 (10.8–12.1)	11.9 (11.0–13.4)	12.1 (11.2–13.8)	<0.001
APTT (s)	25.6 (23.4–28.5)	27.1 (23.1–30.1)	27.2 (23.1–34.0)	28.5 (23.2–35.1)	0.053
FIB (g/L)	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	2.7 (2.3–3.3)	3.0 (2.5–3.8)	3.0 (2.2–3.8)	0.054
TT (s)	17.1 (16.4–17.6)	17.9 (16.6–19.2)	18.0 (16.8–20.2)	18.6 (17.1–22.1)	<0.001
FDP (mg/L)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	2.6 (1.8–4.1)	3.6 (2.2–6.3)	4.2 (2.5–7.1)	<0.001
D-D (mg/L)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)	1.0 (0.6–1.6)	1.2 (0.7–2.1)	1.4 (0.8–2.7)	<0.001

Table 4. Correlation of β2-MG with PT, APTT, FIB, TT, FDP, and D-D.

Indexes	β2-MG (mg/L)
	r	p-value
PT (s)	0.157	0.003
APTT (s)	0.081	0.122
FIB (g/L)	−0.220	<0.001
TT (s)	0.270	<0.001
FDP (mg/L)	0.108	0.039
D-D (mg/L)	0.090	0.086

Figure 3. Comparison of coagulation function indicators for different M protein types. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table 5. Coagulation function indicator levels for different M protein types [n /M(P25-P75)].

Indexes	Control (n = 48)	IgA-κ (n = 32)	IgA-λ (n = 54)	IgG-κ (n = 100)	IgG-λ (n = 85)	κ light chain (n = 46)	λ light chain (n = 54)	p-value
PT (s)	10.9 (10.5–11.4)	12.9 (11.7–14.3)	12.1 (11.2–13.9)	12.2 (11.1–13.4)	12.0 (11.3–13.3)	11.2 (10.6–11.9)	11.3 (10.7–11.9)	<0.001
APTT (s)	25.6 (23.4–28.5)	32.6 (26.6–45.2)	31.3 (26.1–39.6)	28.6 (23.1–34.0)	27.7 (23.8–33.6)	24.7 (22.2–28.3)	24.4 (22.5–29.1)	<0.001
FIB (g/L)	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	2.1 (1.9–3.1)	2.6 (2.0–3.2)	3.1 (2.5–3.7)	2.8 (2.2–3.5)	3.0 (2.5–4.0)	3.4 (2.7–4.3)	<0.001
TT (s)	17.1 (16.4–17.6)	17.1 (16.3–20.6)	18.0 (17.0–19.9)	19.0 (17.2–21.4)	18.5 (17.5–22.7)	18.5 (17.2–19.8)	17.6 (16.2–19.3)	<0.001
FDP (mg/L)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	2.0 (1.7–3.0)	2.8 (1.5–4.0)	3.8 (2.3–6.4)	4.7 (2.5–7.0)	5.1 (3.1–8.2)	3.2 (2.5–6.3)	<0.001
D-D (mg/L)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.5)	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	1.6 (0.8–3.2)	1.5 (1.1–2.8)	1.0 (0.8–2.2)	<0.001