Are type 2 diabetic patients meeting targets? A Helen Joseph Hospital Diabetic Clinic Audit

Figures & data

Table 1: Demographic data

Variable	Category	Number (n = 321)	%
Gender	Female	200	62.3
	Male	121	37.7
Ethnicity	Black	143	44.6
	Coloured	109	34.0
	Indian	44	13.7
	White	25	7.8
Co-morbidities	Hypertension	286	89.1
	Dyslipidaemia	264	82.2
	HIV	15	4.7
	Thyroid disease	14	4.4
	None	8	2.5
Exercise	Yes	174	56.3
	No	135	43.7
	Unknown	12	3.7
Smoking	Yes	39	12.5
	Never	220	70.7
	Ex-smoker	52	16.7
	Unknown	10	3.1
Alcohol use	Yes	33	10.6
	No	277	89.4
	Unknown	11	3.4
Medication	Pre-mix 30/70 insulin	235	73.2
	Basal bolus (NPH + short-acting)	47	14.6
	NPH insulin	36	11.2
	Pre-mix 30/70 + short-acting	3	0.9
BMI (kg/m^2)	< 30	127	42.3
	30–34.9	84	28.0
	35–39.9	56	18.7
	> = 40	33	11.0
	Unknown	21	6.5
Metabolic syndrome	> = 3 criteria	266	90.2
	0–2 criteria	29	9.8
	Unknown	26	8.1

BMI = body mass index. Metabolic syndrome as per International Harmonised Criteria.

Table 2: Medications used

Medication	Number of patients	Percentage of patients
Statin (simvastatin)	294	91.6
ASA	280	87.2
ACE-I/ARB	258	80.4
Metformin	228	71.0
Diuretic	216	67.3
CCB	191	59.5
Β-blocker	82	25.5
Trepiline	75	23.4
PPI	75	23.4
Alpha blocker	50	15.6
ARVs	28	8.7
Carbamazepine	21	6.5
Fibrate	7	2.2
Allopurinol	7	2.2
Colchicine	3	0.9
Thyroxine	3	0.9
Other	15	4.7

Figure 1: Percentage of patients who met targets. SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.

Table 3: Analysis of variables

Variable	n	Mean	SD	Median	Interquartile range		Minimum	Maximum
Age (years)	321	59.4	9.9	60.0	53.0	66.0	30.0	88.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	300	32.1	8.8	3103	26.6	36.0	16.8	103.8
WC (male) (cm)	111	106	16	105	94	114	72	160
WC (female) (cm)	181	109	15	108	101	117	55	157
SBP (average) (mmHg)	287	144	20	143	129	157	98	245
DBP (average) (mmHg)	287	81	11	82	73	88	53	122
HbA1c (%)	321	9.5	2.4	9.4	7.8	11.1	3.9	16.2
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	315	4.46	1.09	4.35	3.62	5.16	2.05	9.28
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	313	1.89	1.27	1.61	1.09	2.20	0.43	11.70
HDL cholesterol (male) (mmol/l)	116	1.07	0.29	1.03	0.90	1.17	0.57	2.77
HDL cholesterol (female) (mmol/l)	197	1.16	0.34	1.10	0.91	1.38	0.60	2.52
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	301	2.49	0.91	2.36	1.89	3.01	0.29	6.03

SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c = glycated haemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.

Table 4: Patients who meet targets

Measurement	n	%	95% CI (%)
SBP (n = 287)	131	45.6	40.0	51.6
DBP (n = 287)	131	45.6	40.0	51.6
BP (< = 140/80 mm Hg) (n = 287)	72	25.1	20.2	30.5
Waist circumference (n = 292)	32	11.0	7.9	15.1
BMI (n = 300)	127	42.3	36.7	48.1
HbA1c (n = 321)	49	15.3	11.5	19.7
Total cholesterol (n = 315)	169	53.7	48.0	59.3
Triglycerides (n = 313)	167	53.4	47.7	59.0
HDL cholesterol (n = 313)	135	43.1	37.6	48.8
LDL cholesterol (n = 314)	71	22.6	18.1	27.6

BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure, BP = blood pressure; HbA1c = glycated haemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.

Figure 2: HbA1c range.

Table 5: Relationship between insulin regimen and HbA1c

Insulin type	n	%	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	HbA1c < 7%	HbA1c ≥ 7%
Biphasic insulin	235	73.2	9.4	2.4	3.9	14.8	15.7	84.3
Basal bolus	47	14.6	10.4	2.5	4.7	16.2	12.8	87.2
Basal insulin	36	11.2	9.4	2.4	5.7	15.0	16.7	83.3