Contribution of ankle-brachial index measurement in screening for arteriopathy obliterans of the lower limbs in type 2 diabetics

Figures & data

Figure 1: Study population.

Table 1: General characteristics of the study population (N = 109)

Variables	Number	Percentage
Age range (years):
40–49	13	11.9
50–59	36	33.0
60–69	43	39.5
70–80	17	15.6
Gender:
Male	58	46.8
Female	51	53.2
Body mass index (kg/m²):
< 18.5	1	0.9
[18,5–24,9]	69	63.3
25–29.9	35	32.1
≥ 30	4	3.7
Diabetes duration (years):
0–4	42	38.5
5–9	25	23.0
10–14	24	22.0
15–19	5	4.6
≥ 20	13	11.9
Diabetes treatment:
Oral antidiabetics	35	32.1
Insulin	27	24.8
Oral antidiabetics + insulin	24	22.0
Oral antidiabetics + LDM	20	18.3
Insulin + LDM	3	2.8
Glycated haemoglobin (n = 51):
> 6.5%	45	88.2
≤ 6.5%	6	11.8
Degenerative complications associated with diabetes:
Nephropathy	47	43.1
Retinopathy	39	35.8
Diabetic foot	28	25.7
Ischaemic stroke	11	10.1
Ischaemic heart disease	9	8.2
Neuropathy	5	4.6

LDM: lifestyle and dietary measures.

Table 2: Associated cardiovascular risk factors (N = 109)

Variables	Number	Percentage
Hypertension:
Grade 3	36	33.0
Grade 2	24	22.0
Grade 1	14	12.8
Dyslipidaemia	36/46	78.3
Sedentary lifestyle	65	59.6
Overweight and obesity	39	35.8
Abdominal obesity	20	18.3
Active tobacco	8	7.3

Table 3: Results of ankle-brachial index measurements and arterial echo-Doppler

Variables	Lower limbs
	Left (n = 106) n (%)	Right (n = 108) n (%)
Ankle-brachial index:
0.91–1.40	89 (84.0)	85 (78.7)
≤ 0.90	10 (9.4)	14 (13.0)
> 1.40	7 (6.6)	9 (8.3)
Arterial echo-Doppler results:
Absence of OA	79 (74.6)	77 (71.3)
Mediacalcosis without OA	13 (12.3)	13 (12.0)
Well-compensated OA	5 (4.7)	7 (6.5)
Poorly compensated OA	5 (4.7)	6 (5.6)
OA with mediacalcosis	4 (3.7)	5 (4.6)

OA: obliterating arteriopathy.

Table 4: Diagnostic performance of the ankle-brachial index with obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs compared with the result of the arterial echo-Doppler

Variables	Obliterating arteriopathy on arterial echo-Doppler
	Yes	No	Yes	No
	Lower limbs
	Left (n = 106)		Right (n = 108)
	n (%)		n (%)
Ankle-brachial index ≤ 0.90:
Yes	10 (9.4)	0 (0)	14 (13.0)	0 (0)
No	4 (3.8)	92 (86.8)	4 (3.7)	90 (83.3)
Sensitivity	71.4% CI 95% (44.9–88.4)		77.8% CI 95% (54.1–91.3)
Specificity	100% CI 95% (95–100)		100% CI 95% (94.9–100)
Negative predictive value	95.8% CI 95% (91.8–99.8)		95.7% CI 95% (91.6–99.8)
Positive predictive value	100% CI 95% (100–100)		100% CI 95% (100–100)
Ankle-brachial index > 1.40:
Yes	0 (0)	7 (6.6)	0 (0)	9 (8.3)
No	14 (13.2)	85 (81.2)	18 (16.7)	81 (75.0)
Sensitivity	0.0% CI 95% (0.0–21.1)		0.0% CI 95% (0.0–21.1)
Specificity	92.4% CI 95% (84.8–96.4)		90% CI 95% (81.8–94.8)
Negative predictive value	85.8% CI 95% (79–92.7)		81.8% CI 95% (74.2–84.4)
Positive predictive value	0.0% CI 95% (0.0–0.0)		0.0% CI 95% (0.0–0.0)