Trends in the burden of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1: Number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, YLDs, YLLs, DALYs, and corresponding age-standardised rates and change for T2D by sex in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019

	Male			Female			Both
Variables	1990	2019	Percentage change (%)	1990	2019	Percentage change (%)	1990	2019	Percentage change (%)
Number (thousands)
Incidence	17.2 (15.7–18.9)	105.4 (93.3–119.6)	511.5 (459.2–572.3)	9.9 (9.0–10.9)	63.8 (57.1–72.5)	545.3 (494.6–604.4)	27.1 (24.8–29.6)	169.2 (151.5–189.9)	523.8 (480.8–571.8)
Prevalence	248.3 (223.3–275.5)	1547.9 (1370.9–1765.6)	523.5 (473.1–581.1)	146.3 (131.6–162.0)	938.4 (830.1–1068.2)	541.3 (488.7–595.0)	394.6 (358.0–434.6)	2486.4 (2216.6–2809.0)	530.1 (488.8–570.7)
Deaths	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	156.7 (64.6–280.7)	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	77.6 (20.1–163.8)	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	2.8 (2.2–3.4)	120.6 (53.4–212.3)
YLDs	16.9 (11.3–23.4)	102.8 (66.8–147.6)	508.3 (454.8–580.1)	10.0 (6.7–13.8)	62.8 (41.0–89.0)	529.3 (466.6–598.5)	26.9 (18.0–37.0)	165.6 (108.8–232.9)	516.1 (468.0–574.7)
YLLs	17.2 (12.3–24.5)	50.2 (37.5–63.4)	191.1 (81.8–352.2)	14.6 (10.8–19.5)	29.8 (22.7–39.7)	103.2 (35.8–207.7)	31.9 (23.4–42.9)	80.0 (61.9–101.0)	150.7 (69.5–265.0)
DALYs	34.1 (26.2–43.5)	153.0 (115.6–199.6)	348.1 (245.6–448.6)	24.6 (19.3–30.5)	92.5 (70.8–120.6)	275.8 (191.8–368.6)	58.8 (46.2–72.9)	245.5 (187.7–317.0)	317.8 (233.6–408.2)
Standardised rate (per 100,000)
Incidence	294.1 (270.2–320.4)	475.6 (431.0–526.3)	61.7 (50.0–74.7)	264.0 (241.8–289.6)	441.8 (399.5–491.1)	67.4 (56.0–80.0)	282.7 (260.4–306.4)	462.1 (420.8–506.9)	63.5 (53.8–73.5)
Prevalence	5638.3 (5129.7–6194.5)	9728.5 (8777.6–10881.7)	72.5 (59.9–87.2)	5018.1 (4534.4–5539.9)	9037.0 (8145.5–10160.6)	80.1 (67.1–94.2)	5380.7 (4914.3–5869.4)	9453.1 (8563.1–10498.6)	75.7 (65.4–87.1)
Deaths	24.7 (18.1–33.9)	20.8 (16.8–24.7)	−–15.7 (−–43.6–22.9)	26.2 (19.0–34.0)	17.6 (13.8–23.2)	−–32.6 (−–53.6–0.7)	25.2 (19.2–33.1)	19.5 (16.1–23.7)	−–22.5 (−–43.8–7.0)
YLDs	405.5 (272.8–558.0)	690.8 (460.9–979.5)	70.3 (55.2–89.4)	354.3 (239.9–487.0)	636.1 (414.5–892.0)	79.5 (62.8–98.3)	383.8 (260.0–523.8)	668.9 (450.7–939.7)	74.3 (61.6–90.0)
YLLs	493.4 (355.2–694.6)	419.6 (329.8–508.3)	−–15.0 (−–44.7–26.1)	559.7 (412.0–744.7)	358.6 (276.5–474.0)	−–35.9 (−–56.4 to −–4.2)	518.5 (385.9–692.7)	395.5 (319.1–483.1)	−–23.7 (−–46.5–7.3)
DALYs	899.0 (691.0–1144.8)	1110.4 (854.0–1407.0)	23.5 (−4.8–52.7)	914.1 (722.8–1127.9)	994.6 (771.1–1275.6)	8.8 (−14.6–36.3)	902.3 (710.1–1117.0)	1064.5 (829.7–1348.6)	18.0 (−5.1–42.3)

Data are shown as n (95% UI). DALYs: disability-adjusted life years; UI: uncertainty interval; YLDs: years lived with disability; YLLs: years of life lost.

Figure 1. The proportion of DALYs due to T2D by age group in Saudi Arabia, by sex, 1990–2019. DALY: Disability-adjusted life years.

Figure 2. Decomposition of the type 2 diabetes burden in Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 2019.

Figure 3. DALYs due to type 2 diabetes risk factors in Saudi Arabia 1990–2019. DALY: Disability-adjusted life years. The line connecting the boxes refers to changes in the ranking of risk factors, with the solid line indicating an increase in the ranking of the burden of disease due to risk factors and the dashed line indicating a decrease in the ranking of the burden of disease due to risk factors.