Where you look during golf putting makes no difference to skilled golfers (but what you look at might!): an examination of occipital EEG ɑ-power during target and ball focused aiming

Figures & data

Figure 1. A schematic representation of the putting layout for 8ft. and 15ft. trials.

Figure 2. EEG data for O₁ at 8 ft. (A), O₂ at 8 ft. (B), O₁ at 15 ft. (C) and O₂ at 15 ft. (D) in putts made.

Table 1. ANOVA outcomes for 8 ft. putts made.

Measure	F (1, 10)	ηp^2 (Size as per Cohen’s d)
Mode	8.80*	.46 (M)
Site	0.04	.004
Time	5742.16***	.99 (L)
Mode × Site	7.80*	.43 (M)
Mode × Time	4.77 AS	.32 (S)
Site × Time	0.35	.03 (S)
Mode × Site × Time	0.17	.01

Note: *p< .05, **p< .01, ***p< .001, AS = Approaching significance.

Table 2. ANOVA outcomes for 15 ft. putts made.

Measure	F (1, 10)	ηp^2 (Size as per Cohen’s d)
Mode	2.98	.23 (S)
Site	10.85**	.52 (M)
Time	1653.57***	.99 (L)
Mode × Site	13.95**	.58 (M)
Mode × Time	4.85*	.32 (S)
Site × Time	4.70*	.32 (S)
Mode × Site × Time	6.61*	.39 (S)

Note: * p< .05, **p< .01, ***p< .001.

Figure 3. EEG data for O₁ at 8 ft. (A), O₂ at 8 ft. (B), O₁ at 15 ft. (C) and O₂ at 15 ft. (D) in putts missed.

Table 3. ANOVA results for missed putts.

Measure	Df	F	ηp^2
Distance	(1, 10)	.015	.002
Mode	(1, 10)	1.692	.145
Site	(1, 10)	.436	.042
Time	(2, 20)	25.827***	.721 (L)
Distance × Mode	(1, 10)	.442	.042
Distance × Site	(1, 10)	.191	.019
Mode × Site	(1, 10)	.181	.018
Distance × Mode × Site	(1, 10)	2.137	.176
Distance × Time	(2, 20)	.982	.089
Mode × Time	(2, 20)	14.640***	.594 (M)
Distance × Mode × Time	(2, 20)	1.579	.136
Site × Time	(2, 20)	.810	.075
Distance × Site × Time	(2, 20)	.392	.038
Mode × Site × Time	(2, 20)	2.295	.187
Distance × Mode × Site × Time	(2, 20)	3.973*	.284 (S)

Note: *p< .05, **p< .01, ***p< .001.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.