The future-oriented hopes and goals of adolescent student-athletes in Finnish sport high schools

Figures & data

Table 1. The number of hopes and goals reported at T1 in each category and subcategory.

Category	Subcategory	T1 Frequency	Total
Sport	Becoming an elite/professional athlete	67	331
	International level success	15
	Participating in international level competitions	29
	National level success	3
	Participating in national level competitions	6
	Youth international level success	1
	Participating in youth international level competitions	5
	Getting an athletic scholarship	1
	General or ambiguous success in sport	150
	Growth/development in sport	30
	Enjoying sport	1
	Being injury free	4
	Choice about specialisation	1
	Having good facilities	1
	Having a plan B	1
	Continuing sport	10
	Good career in sport	6
Profession/work	Good job/profession	83	110
	Well-paid profession	9
	Finding a good profession	12
	Success in work	6
Education	Finishing high school	25	181
	Graduating to a certain profession	20
	Higher education	27
	Success in studies	83
	Growth/development as a student	2
	Acceptance to a degree programme	24
Dual career	Sport and school/work but not combined	176	195
	Combining sport and school/work	15
	Dual career prioritising school/work	1
	Dual career prioritising sport	3
Self-actualisation	Being succesfull	31	73
	Fun	6
	Meaning	1
	Wealth	7
	Growth/development as a person	17
	Happiness	9
	Good life	1
	Independence	1
Health	Health	11	11
Relationships	Family	19	24
	Relationships	5
Lifestyle	Lifestyle	13	13
Beliefs and values	Helping others	1	5
	Valuing self and others	1
	Home	2
	Belief in God	1
Do not know	Do not know	12	12
Other	Other	17	17

Note. T1 = Time 1.

Table 2. Comparison of proportions of hopes and goals reported at T1 and T2 in each category and subcategory.

Category and subcategory			Comparison of proportions
	T1%	T2%	Difference %	chi-squared	p
Sport	42.60	22.60	20.0	66.40	<0.01
Becoming an elite/professional athlete	8.62	5.58	3.04	5.10	0.02
International level success	1.93	0.57	1.36	5.36	0.02
Participating in international level competitions	3.73	1.72	2.01	5.50	0.02
National level success	0.39	0.57	0.18	0.25	0.62
Participating in national level competitions	0.77	1.14	0.37	0.54	0.46
Youth international level success	0.13	0.14	0.01	< 0.01	0.96
Participating in youth international level competitions	0.64	0.00	0.64	4.49	0.03
Getting an athletic scholarship	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
General or ambiguous success in sport	19.31	7.44	11.87	43.85	<0.01
Growth/development in sport	3.86	1.72	2.14	6.09	0.01
Enjoying sport	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
Being injury free	0.51	0.57	0.06	0.03	0.88
Choice about specialisation	0.13	0.14	0.01	< 0.01	0.96
Having good facilities	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
Having a plan B	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
Continuing sport	1.29	2.00	0.71	1.16	0.28
Good career in sport	0.77	1.00	0.23	0.22	0.64
Profession/work	14.16	18.31	4.15	4.68	0.03
Good job/profession	10.68	13.73	3.05	3.21	0.07
Well-paid profession	1.16	0.72	0.44	0.76	0.38
Finding a good profession	1.54	2.43	0.89	1.52	0.22
Success in work	0.77	1.43	0.66	1.50	0.22
Education	23.29	20.89	2.40	1.23	0.27
Finishing high school	3.22	1.43	1.79	5.09	0.02
Graduating to a certain profession	2.57	1.86	0.71	0.85	0.36
Higher education	3.47	7.44	3.97	11.45	<0.01
Success in studies	10.68	2.58	8.10	37.84	<0.01
Growth/development as a student	0.26	0.14	0.12	0.26	0.61
Acceptance to a degree programme	3.09	7.44	4.35	14.24	<0.01
Dual careers	51.18	27.35	23.83	43.26	<0.01
Sport and school/work but not combined	46.19	25.36	20.83	34.27	<0.01
Combining sport and school/work	3.94	1.42	2.52	4.36	0.04
Dual careers prioritising school/work	0.26	0.28	0.02	< 0.01	0.96
Dual careers prioritising sport	0.79	0.28	0.51	0.88	0.35
Self-actualisation	9.40	15.02	5.62	10.95	<0.01
Being successful	3.99	3.29	0.70	0.51	0.47
Fun	0.77	2.43	1.66	6.61	0.01
Meaning	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
Wealth	0.90	2.15	1.25	3.91	0.05
Growth/development as a person	2.19	1.43	0.76	1.18	0.28
Happiness	1.16	3.15	1.99	7.08	<0.01
Good life	0.13	1.57	1.44	9.47	<0.01
Independence	0.13	1.00	0.87	5.16	0.02
Health	1.42	2.72	1.30	3.12	0.08
Relationships	3.09	5.58	2.49	5.58	0.02
Family	2.46	4.01	1.55	2.86	0.09
Relationships	0.64	1.57	0.93	2.98	0.08
Lifestyle	1.67	3.29	1.62	4.06	0.04
Beliefs & Values	0.64	0.43	0.21	0.30	0.58
Helping others	0.13	0.14	0.01	< 0.01	0.96
Valuing self and others	0.13	0.00	0.13	0.91	0.34
Home	0.26	0.14	0.12	0.26	0.61
Belief in God	0.13	0.14	0.01	< 0.01	0.96
Do not know	1.54	5.15	3.61	15.24	<0.01
Other	2.19	6.01	3.82	13.98	<0.01

Note. T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2.

Table 3. Comparison of proportions of hopes and goals reported by female and male participants.

Category and subcategory			Comparison of proportions
	Female %	Male %	Difference %	chi-squared	p
Sport	8.65	39.63	10.98	19.34	<0.01
Becoming an elite/professional athlete	4.11	11.54	7.43	29.63	<0.01
International level success	1.14	1.51	0.37	0.38	0.54
Participating in international level competitions	2.51	3.18	0.67	0.59	0.44
National level success	0.23	0.84	0.61	2.78	0.10
Participating in national level competitions	0.68	1.34	0.66	1.65	0.20
Youth international level success	0.11	0.17	0.06	0.10	0.76
Participating in youth international level competitions	0.23	0.50	0.27	0.77	0.38
Getting an athletic scholarship	0.11	0.00	0.11	-	-
General or ambiguous success in sport	13.58	13.88	0.30	0.03	0.87
Growth/development in sport	2.40	3.51	1.11	1.58	0.21
Enjoying sport	0.11	0.00	0.11	0.66	0.42
Being injury free	0.46	0.67	0.21	0.29	0.59
Choice about specialisation	0.23	0.00	0.23	-	-
Having good facilities	0.00	0.17	0.17	-	-
Having a plan B	0.00	0.17	0.17	-	-
Continuing sport	1.94	1.17	0.77	1.32	0.25
Good career in sport	0.80	1.00	0.20	0.16	0.69
Profession/work	16.89	15.05	1.84	0.89	0.35
Good job/profession	12.67	11.37	1.30	0.56	0.45
Well-paid profession	0.68	1.34	0.66	1.65	0.20
Finding a good profession	2.51	1.17	1.34	3.31	0.07
Success in work	1.03	1.17	0.14	0.07	0.80
Education	24.09	19.23	4.86	4.87	0.03
Finishing high school	2.17	2.68	0.51	0.40	0.53
Graduating to a certain profession	2.63	1.67	0.96	1.49	0.22
Higher education	5.94	4.52	1.42	1.41	0.23
Success in studies	7.76	5.52	2.24	2.79	0.09
Growth/development as a student	0.00	0.50	0.5	-	-
Acceptance to a degree programme	5.59	4.35	1.24	1.13	0.29
Dual careers	44.64	33.92	10.72	8.72	<0.01
Sport and school/work but not combined	40.31	31.27	9.04	6.43	0.01
Combining sport and school/work	3.57	1.77	1.80	2.21	0.14
Dual careers prioritising school/work	0.51	0.00	0.51	-	-
Dual careers prioritising sport	0.26	0.88	0.62	1.28	0.26
Self-actualisation	12.79	11.04	1.75	1.02	0.31
Being successful	2.97	4.68	1.71	2.94	0.09
Fun	1.71	1.34	0.37	0.32	0.57
Meaning	0.11	0.00	0.11	-	-
Wealth	1.14	2.01	0.87	1.83	0.18
Growth/development as a person	2.28	1.17	1.11	2.44	0.12
Happiness	3.20	0.50	2.7	12.57	<0.01
Good life	0.57	1.17	0.60	1.59	0.21
Independence	0.80	0.17	0.63	2.60	0.11
Health	2.28	1.67	0.61	0.66	0.42
Relationships	4.68	3.68	1.00	0.87	0.35
Family	3.54	2.68	0.86	0.85	0.36
Relationships	1.14	1.00	0.14	0.07	0.80
Lifestyle	2.97	1.67	1.30	2.52	0.11
Beliefs & Values	0.57	0.50	0.07	0.03	0.86
Helping others	0.23	0.00	0.23	-	-
Valuing self and others	0.00	0.17	0.17	1.49	0.22
Home	0.34	0.00	0.34	-	-
Belief in God	0.00	0.33	0.33	2.89	0.09
Do not know	2.40	4.52	2.12	5.06	0.03
Other	4.68	3.01	1.67	2.58	0.11

Note. A statistical analysis was not carried out if the frequency of answers by either gender was less than 1.

Data availability statement

Data available from the last author upon a reasonable request.