The impact of British sporting achievements on national pride among adults in England

Figures & data

Table 1. Previous research on sporting pride and national sporting pride.

Authors	Data Source	Nations	Data Points
Evans and Kelley (2002)	ISSP 1995	24	1
Kersting (2007)	GGSS/ALLBUS 2006	2 (GER / RSA)	3
Kavetsos and Szymanski (2010)	Eurobarometer	12	15
Denham (2010)	US General Social Survey	1 (USA)	2
Van Hilvoorde et al. (2010)	Bespoke survey	1 (NED)	12
Dóczi (2012)	Bespoke survey	1 (HUN)	1
Wicker et al. (2012)	Bespoke survey	1 (GER)	1
Hallmann et al. (2013)	Bespoke survey	1 (GER)	1
Pawlowski et al. (2014)	ISSP 2007	33	1
Leng et al. (2014)	Bespoke survey	1 (SNG)	2
Elling et al. (2014)	Bespoke survey	1 (NED)	27
Meier and Mutz (2016)	GGSS/ALLBUS 1992, 1996, 2000, 2008	1 (GER)	4
Haut et al. (2016)	Bespoke survey	1 (GER)	1
Meier and Mutz (2018)	ISSP 2013	33	1
Mutz (2018)*	Bespoke survey	1 (GER)	1
Gassmann et al. (2020)	GGSS/ALLBUS 2014 GGSS/ALLBUS 2018	1 (GER) 1 (GER)	3
Storm and Jakobsen (2020)	WVS/EVS	Up to 96	1–10**

Notes: *This study focuses on the concept of sporting patriotism rather than pride.

**Annual data analysed across multiple countries using different data points in each country.

Table 2. Domain-specific pride from the ISSP surveys (‘very proud’ / ‘somewhat proud’ responses).

Domain	Overall sample (%)			Great Britain sample (%)
	1995	2003	2013	1995	2003	2013
The way democracy works	56	54	53	68	69	76
Its political influence in the world	50	47	46	55	59	65
Its social security system	46	46	54	48	53	61
Its scientific and technological achievements	78	77	80	88	86	90
Economic achievements	52	53	49	44	69	61
Its achievements in sports	83	81	83	75	69	89
Its achievements in the arts and literature	82	79	82	80	80	88
Armed forces	54	56	63	88	91	88
Its history	78	81	81	89	88	92
Its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society	45	47	50	54	60	72

Source: ISSP Research Group (1998, 2012, 2015).

Table 3. Agreement with the statement: ‘When my country does well in international sports, it makes me proud to be [country, nationality]’.

Response	All nations (%)			Great Britain (%)
	1995	2003	2013	1995	2003	2013
Strongly Agree / Agree	81	83	79	76	72	77
Neutral	13	12	15	19	22	18
Disagree / Strongly Disagree	6	5	6	5	6	5

Source: ISSP Research Group (1998, 2012, 2015).

Table 4. Domain-specific athletic pride scores (ranks) in East and West Germany 1992–2008.

Location	1992	1996	2000	2008
East Germany	51% (2/7)	54% (2/7)	42% (4/7)	46% (4/7)
West Germany	20% (6/7)	23% (6/7)	22% (6/7)	27% (6/7)

Source: Meier and Mutz (2016).

Table 5. Overview of variables included in the logistic regression model.

Variable	Description	Type	Measure
Pride	British sporting achievements was among up to three things that made the respondent feel most proud of Britain	Dependent	Dummy (0=no, 1=yes)
Sex	Sex of respondent	Independent	Dummy (0=female (base), 1=male)
Age	Age of respondent	Independent	Scale (16+)
Ethnicity	Ethnic group of respondent	Independent	Dummy (0=non-white (base), 1=white)
Disability	Whether respondent had any physical or mental health conditions	Independent	Dummy (0=no (base), 1=yes)
Education	Highest educational qualification	Independent	Dummy (0=below A level (base), 1= A level or higher)
NSSEC	Socio-economic classification	Independent	Dummy (0= lower (NSSEC 1-4) (base), 1=higher (NSSEC 4-8))
Internet	Used the internet to look at sports websites in the last 12 months	Independent	Dummy (0=no (base), 1=yes)
Participant	Done any sporting or active recreation activities in the last four weeks	Independent	Dummy (0=no (base), 1=yes)
Support	Supportive of the UK hosting the 2012 Summer Olympic Games	Independent	Dummy (0=no (base), 1=yes)
Happiness	Self-reported happiness rating	Independent	Scale (1=extremely unhappy, 10 = extremely happy)

Table 6. The components of what makes people most proud of Britain.

	Score (rank)
Domain	2011–2012	2012–2013	2013–2014	2014–2015	2015–2016	Mean	Standard Deviation
Countryside and scenery	61.3% (1)	59.6% (1)	58.7% (1)	59.0% (1)	57.2% (1)	59.2% (1)	1.5%
Health service	39.0% (3)	38.5% (2)	39.7% (2)	42.3% (2)	47.5% (2)	41.4% (2)	3.7%
History	39.7% (2)	36.7% (3)	37.0% (3)	37.3% (3)	37.0% (3)	37.5% (3)	1.2%
People	24.8% (4)	23.5% (4)	23.6% (4)	24.7% (4)	23.7% (4)	24.0% (4)	0.6%
The Monarchy	19.4% (6)	22.4% (5)	22.7% (5)	20.4% (5)	20.1% (5)	21.0% (5)	1.5%
Architecture and historic buildings	22.0% (5)	20.2% (7)	19.5% (7)	18.6% (6)	18.3% (6)	19.7% (6)	1.5%
Education and science	18.6% (7)	16.6% (8)	16.3% (8)	17.1% (7)	17.2% (7)	17.2% (7)	0.9%
Sporting achievements	11.2% (10)	20.9% (6)	20.1% (6)	14.8% (9)	14.2% (9)	16.2% (8)	4.1%
Arts and culture	13.6% (8)	14.2% (9)	13.8% (9)	15.4% (8)	14.9% (8)	14.4% (9)	0.8%
Democratic tradition	11.5% (9)	9.9% (10)	9.6% (10)	11.0% (10)	10.8% (10)	10.6% (10)	0.8%
Multiculturalism	9.0% (11)	9.7% (11)	8.7% (11)	9.8% (11)	9.7% (11)	9.4% (11)	0.5%
Legal system	8.7% (12)	8.1% (12)	7.8% (12)	8.5% (12)	8.6% (12)	8.4% (12)	0.4%

Table 7. Results of the logistic regression analyses for sportive nationalism.

Variable	B	S.E.	Wald	P	Odds Ratio Exp(B)	95% C.I. for EXP(B)
						Lower	Upper
Sex (male cf. female)	.108	.057	3.666	.056	1.114	.997	1.245
Age	-.005	.002	6.747	.009	.995	.992	.999
Ethnicity (white cf. non- white)	.473	.117	16.341	.000	1.604	1.276	2.018
Disability (yes cf. no)	.028	.060	.221	.638	1.029	.914	1.158
Education (A levels or higher cf. below A levels)	-.400	.062	40.924	.000	.671	.593	.758
NSSEC (higher cf. lower)	-.180	.060	8.985	.003	.835	.742	.939
Internet (yes cf. no)	.570	.063	81.119	.000	1.768	1.562	2.001
Participant (yes cf. no)	.198	.059	11.251	.001	1.219	1.086	1.368
Support (yes cf. no)	1.157	.079	212.009	.000	3.180	2.721	3.716
Happiness	.018	.016	1.276	.259	1.018	.987	1.051
Constant	−2.725	.198	188.831	.000	.066

Figure 1. Monthly trend line (and moving average) for sportive nationalism.

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