Clinicians' Perspectives on Negative Effects of Psychological Treatments

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of the participants' current occupation

Occupation
Licencsed psychologist	38 (51.4)
Licencsed psychologist and licencsed psychotherapist	23 (31)
Licencsed social worker	5 (6.7)
Licencsed social worker and licencsed psychotherapist	3 (4)
Licencsed psychotherapist (basic clinical training unspecified)	2 (2.7)
Licencsed physiotherapist	1 (1.4)
Licencsed psychiatrist and licencsed psychotherapist	1 (1.4)
Basic clinical training (occupation unspecified)	1 (1.4)

Table 2 Themes and sub-themes in the data-set

Themes	Sub-themes
Characteristics of negative effects	Short-term negative effects
	No treatment effect
	Deterioration
	Dependency
	Impact on other life domains
Causal factors	Incompetence and inadequately applied methods
	Potentially harmful treatments
	Insufficient therapeutic alliance
	Failed ethical judgment and professional conduct
	Discontinuing treatment
	External factors
	Patients at higher risk of suffering from negative effects
Methods and criteria for evaluating negative effects	None