Working with Black vs. White patients: an experimental test of therapist decision-making in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of study.

Figure 2. Stages of study.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and differences on study variables between vignette conditions

			Difference
Variable	BlackM(SD)	WhiteM(SD)	t	g	95% CI for g
Cognitive change-therapeutic	3.63(1.03)	4.35(0.97)	−5.30***	−0.72	[−0.99, −0.44]
Cognitive change-time	3.32(1.11)	3.86(0.96)	−3.81***	−0.52	[−0.79, −0.25]
Validation-therapeutic	4.54(0.88)	4.29(1.09)	1.85†	0.25	[−0.02, 0.52]
Validation-time	3.80(0.82)	3.71(0.91)	0.80	0.10	[−0.16, 0.37]
Cognitive change vs. validation	3.42(1.00)	2.91(0.95)	3.82***	0.52	[0.25, 0.79]
Social desirability	4.80(2.98)	4.58(3.03)	0.55	0.07	[−0.19, 0.34]
Racial attitudes	25.66(2.25)	24.75(2.99)	2.49*	0.34	[0.08, 0.61]

^†p < .10, *p < .05, ***p < .001.

Table 2. Correlations among Study 2 variables

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
1. Cognitive change-therapeutic	–
2. Cognitive change-time	.59***	–
3. Validation-therapeutic	−.09	−.25***	–
4. Validation-time	−.23***	.13^†	.27***	–
5. Social desirability	.10	.12^†	−.12^†	.07	–
6. Racial attitudes	.00	−.14*	.28***	.05	−.08

^†p < .10, *p < .05, ***p < .001.

Table 3. Predictors of racial attitudes among therapists presented with Black patients

Variable	bstandardized	b	SE	t
Cognitive change-therapeutic	0.40	0.85	0.29	2.90**
Cognitive change-time	−0.18	−0.36	0.28	−1.26
Validation-therapeutic	0.35	0.91	0.27	3.38**
Validation-time	−0.04	−0.10	0.27	−0.37
Cognitive change vs. validation	0.19	0.43	0.35	1.22
Social desirability	−0.15	−0.11	0.07	−1.65

**p < .01.

Table 4. Parameter estimates from mixed models examining interactions between patient race and racial salience of vignettes in predicting key study variables

Outcome	Predictors	b	SE	df	t
Cognitive change-therapeutic
	Intercept	3.80	0.15	212	26.04***
	Social desirability	0.04	0.02	217	1.85^†
	Patient race	0.44	0.15	217	2.94**
	Racial salience	−0.61	0.12	217	−5.03***
	Interaction	0.49	0.17	217	2.91**
Cognitive change-time
	Intercept	3.39	0.15	212	23.14***
	Social desirability	0.05	0.02	217	2.34*
	Patient race	0.28	0.15	217	1.89^†
	Racial salience	−0.57	0.10	217	−5.84***
	Interaction	0.51	0.14	217	3.74***
Validation-therapeutic
	Intercept	4.56	0.14	212	31.66***
	Social desirability	−0.04	0.02	217	−1.93^†
	Patient race	0.00	0.15	217	0.00
	Racial salience	0.29	0.11	217	2.72**
	Interaction	−0.46	0.15	217	−3.04**
Validation-time
	Intercept	3.55	0.13	212	28.17***
	Social desirability	0.02	0.02	217	1.01
	Patient race	−0.02	0.12	217	−0.14
	Racial salience	0.14	0.08	217	1.87^†
	Interaction	−0.07	0.11	217	−0.62
Cognitive change vs. validation
	Intercept	3.21	0.14	212	22.87***
	Social desirability	−0.03	0.02	217	−1.66^†
	Patient race	−0.17	0.15	217	−1.15
	Racial salience	0.67	0.13	217	5.28***
	Interaction	−0.65	0.18	217	−3.62***

The interaction in each model is the interaction of patient race and racial salience.

CC = cognitive change. ^†p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.