Validation of ‘POIBA-How do we eat?’ questionnaire in 9-10 years old schoolchildren

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of completion of the three study tools by the sample.

Table 1. Compliance with food recommendations in children stratified by excess weight (POIBA-HDWE FFQ).

	Normal weight^a n(%) = 39 (65.0)		Excess weight^a n (%) = 21 (35.0)
	Recommended	Not recommended	Recommended	Not recommended
Bread, pasta, grains and rice (4–6 portions/day)	32 (84.2)	6 (15.8)	13 (65.0)	7 (35.0)
Fruits and vegetables (5 or more portions/day)	4 (10.5)	34 (89.5)	2 (10.0)	18 (90.0)
Dairy (3 portions/day)	2 (5.3)^b	36 (94.7)	6 (30.0)^b	14 (70)
Meat (3–4 portions/week)	12 (31.6)	26 (68.4)	5 (25.0)	15 (75.0)
Fish (3–4 portions/week)	5 (13.2)	33 (86.8)	4 (20.0)	16 (80.0)
Eggs (3–4 portions/week)	3 (7.9)	35 (92.1)	0	20 (100)
Legumes (3–4 portions/week)	3 (7.9)	35 (92.1)	0	20 (100)
Nuts (3–7 portions/week)	7 (18.4)	31 (81.6)	1 (5.0)	19 (95.0)
Sweets, pastries, snacks (occasionally)	8 (21.1)	30 (79.0)	7 (35.0)	13 (65.0)

^aThe IMC could not be obtained for three out of 61 students who completed the FFQ.

^bSignificant differences were found in dairy consumption within excess weight and normal weight (Chi-square test at 0.05 significance).

POIBA- HDOCE: POIBA-How do our children Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Table 2. Spearman Correlations between “POIBA- HDOCE, POIBA-HDWE FFQ and YANA-C (gold standard).

	POIBA-HDOCE Vs POIBA-HDWE		POIBA- HDOCE Vs YANA-C
Food	r^a coefficient	p value	r^a coefficient	p value
Pastries	−0.036	0.798	0.251	0.114
Chips	0.133	0.335	0.254	0.109
Bread	0.242	0.078	0.159	0.321
Fried Potatoes	0.089	0.523	–	–
Milk-based desserts	0.036	0.792	0.010	0.910
Soft drinks	0.485	<0.001	0.420	0.005
Meat	0.225	0.108	−0.160	0.320
Sweets	0.310	0.023	0.255	0.107
Nuts	0.590	<0.001	0.440	0.005
Legumes	0.200	0.149	0.279	0.086
Eggs	−0.004	0.976	−0.008	0.959
Fish	0.221	0.115	0.350	0.025
Dairy	0.410	0.002	0.238	0.135
Fruits	0.250	0.064	0.431	0.004
Juices	0.490	<0.001	0.620	<0.001
Vegetables	−0.020	0.885	−0.060	0.690
Cold meats	0.220	0.115	−0.090	0.570
Grains, rice and pasta	–	–	0.101	0.520
Fried and boiled Potatoes	–	–	0.236	0.137

^aSpearman correlation (ρ).

POIBA- HDOCE: POIBA-How do our children eat Food Frequency Questionnaire.

POIBA-HDWE: POIBA- How do we eat Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Table 3. Relative validity of POIBA-HDWE FFQ compared to YANA-C (gold standard).

		Mean^b (SE) consumption frequency
Variable	r^a	Yana-C	POIBA-HDWE	P-value^c	Ratio^d POIBA/Yana-C	% agreement^e	% gross misclassification^e
Boiled or baked potatoes	−0.040	0.44 (0.10)	3.95 (0.59)	<0.01	9.76	40.48	14.29
Pastries	0.042	2.37 (0.33)	3.11 (0.51)	0.53	1.31	35.71	2.38
Legumes	0.071	0.12 (0.06)	1.33 (0.13)	<0.01	11.20	83.33	7.14
Rice	0.107	0.56 (0.12)	2.49 (0.22)	<0.01	4.35	52.38	0.00
Pasta	0.115	3.16 (0.18)	3.42 (0.36)	0.81	1.10	73.81	0.00
Vegetables	0.129	1.98 (0.27)	5.90 (0.87)	<0.01	2.99	33.33	11.90
Chips	0.162	0.28 (0.10)	1.79 (0.39)	<0.01	6.25	57.14	0.00
Bread	0.164	3.81 (0.32)	8.51 (0.72)	<0.01	2.23	30.95	0.00
Cold meats	−0.176	1.77 (0.26)	2.35 (0.48)	0.63	1.35	23.81	35.71
Eggs	0.182	0.63 (0.12)	1.29 (0.12)	<0.01	2.08	54.76	0.00
Meat	−0.195	3.70 (0.25)	1.85 (0.14)	<0.01	0.50	23.81	59.52
Milk-based desserts	−0.211	0.91 (0.12)	3.69 (0.61)	<0.01	4.31	38.10	7.14
Fish	0.212	0.67 (0.14)	1.50 (0.12)	<0.01	2.17	52.38	9.52
Nuts	0.310	0.19 (0.08)	1.14 (0.16)	<0.01	6.00	73.81	11.90
Fruits	0.323	4.05 (0.28)	12.21 (1.33)	<0.01	3.05	59.52	2.38
Sweets	0.324	1.95 (0.34)	0.71 (0.11)	0.01	0.37	50.00	9.52
Grains, rice and pasta	0.339	8.50 (0.41)	10.73 (0.77)	<0.01	0.57	38.10	0.00
Soft drinks	0.357	0.51 (0.11)	3.40 (0.58)	<0.01	6.81	52.38	9.52
Juices	0.407	1.35 (0.22)	5.77 (0.99)	<0.01	4.18	38.10	14.29
Fried potatoes	0.416	0.56 (0.12)	1.69 (0.23)	<0.01	2.96	73.81	0.00
Grains	0.498	1.02 (0.19)	4.82 (0.53)	<0.01	4.73	33.33	11.90
Dairy	0.531	6.12 (0.43)	11.55 (1.32)	<0.01	1.92	78.57	0.00

^aSpearman correlation (ρ).

^bPOIBA-HDWE and YANA-C mean (Standard error, SE) consumption frequency.

^cWilcoxon test for mean comparison.

^dRatio between POIBA-HDWE and YANA-C.

^ePercentage of agreement and percentage of gross misclassification between categories in POIBA-HDWE and YANA-C.

POIBA-HDWE: POIBA- How do we eat Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Table 4. Sensitivity and specificity of the POIBA-HDWE FFQ in detecting children’s consumption.

	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Bread	–	–	–	–
Rice	70.0	36.4	50.0	57.1
Pasta	82.9	100.0	100.0	12.5
Grains	95.5	45.0	65.6	90.0
Vegetables	90.9	11.1	78.9	25.0
Fruits	97.6	0.0	97.6	0.0
Potatoes	73.3	29.6	36.7	66.7
Potatoes fried	66.7	79.2	70.6	76.0
Meat	82.9	0.0	97.1	0.0
Fish	94.7	21.7	50.0	83.3
Legumes	100.0	23.7	12.1	100.0
Eggs	63.2	21.7	40.0	41.7
Nuts	100.0	41.7	22.2	100
Dairy	–	–	–	–
Juices	96.0	47.1	72.7	88.9
Sweets	51.7	76.9	83.3	41.7
Cold meats	82.8	15.4	68.6	28.6
Pastries	60.0	42.9	84.0	17.6
Chips	37.5	67.6	21.4	82.1
Milk-based desserts	60.7	28.6	63.0	26.7
Soft drinks	76.5	56.0	54.2	77.8

PPV: Positive Predictive Value.

NPV: Negative Predictive Value.

POIBA-HDWE: POIBA- How do we eat Food Frequency Questionnaire.