Awareness and management of elevated blood pressure among human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in urban Zambia: a call to action

Figures & data

Table 1. Factors associated with high blood pressure among HIV-infected adults taking antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia (N = 896)

	Crude odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Age, per 10-year increase	1.62 (1.30–2.02)	1.52 (1.20–1.93)
Male sex	2.00 (1.30–3.07)	2.33 (1.43–3.80)
Monthly household income
<K500.00	Reference
≥K500.00	1.40 (0.84–2.32)
Education level completed
No formal education	Reference
Grade 1–6	0.98 (0.30–3.15)
Grade 7–9	1.32 (0.45–3.83)
Grade 10 and above	1.58 (0.53–4.73)
WHO clinical stage
1 or 2	Reference
3 or 4	0.99 (0.65–1.51)
Body mass index
<18.5	Reference	Reference
18.5–25	1.69 (0.97–2.93)	1.55 (0.88–2.74)
>25	3.65 (1.86–7.15)	4.07 (1.94–8.53)
HBV coinfection	1.14 (0.70–1.85)
CD4+ count, per 50-cell increase	1.00 (0.94–1.07)
Unhealthy alcohol consumption^a	1.22 (0.81–1.86)

^aUnhealthy alcohol use was defined as ±4 points in men and ±3 points in women on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption.

CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization; HBV, hepatitis B virus; BL, baseline; HIV, human immunodeficiency.

Figure 1. Treatment cascade for human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults with elevated blood pressure and taking antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.