Data source mapping: an essential step for health inequality monitoring

Figures & data

Sheet 1. Types of national level data sources.

Type	Name	Year
Census	Population census	1961, 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010
Institution-based	Indonesia health profile (report including health centres and hospitals)	Annually
Survey	RISKESDAS (Basic Health Research)	2007, 2010, 2013
Survey	RIFASKES (Health Facility Survey)	2011
Survey	SIRKESNAS (National Health Indicators Survey)	2016
Survey	TB Prevalence Survey	2004, 2014
Survey	SUSENAS (National Socioeconomic Survey)	1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1989, then annually
Survey	SUPAS (Intercensal Survey)	1995, 2005, 2015
Survey	GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey)	2011
Survey	GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey)	2006, 2009, 2014
Survey	IDHS (Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey)	1987, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2012
Survey	PODES (Village Potential Survey)	1983, 1986, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014
Survey	Global School Based Health Survey	2015
Vital registration	SRS (Sample Registration System)	2014, 2015

Source: National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Authors, based on [5–20]

Sheet 2. Data sources listed and mapped by dimensions of inequality.

Unique data source number	Unique data source name	Dimension of inequality
		Income/expenditure/consumption/asset index	Education	Occupation	Sex	Urban/rural	Province/region	Race/ethnicity
1	RISKESDAS (Basic Health Research) 2007 [5]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
2	RISKESDAS (Basic Health Research) 2010 [6]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
3	RISKESDAS (Basic Health Research) 2013 [7]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
4	RIFASKES (Health Facility Survey) 2011 [8]	×	×	×	×	×	√	×
5	SIRKESNAS (National Health Indicators Survey) 2016 [9]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
6	SUSENAS (National Socioeconomic Survey) [10]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
7	SUPAS (Intercensal Survey) 2015 [11]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
8	GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) 2011 [12]	×	√	√	√	√	√	×
9	GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) 2014 [13]	×	×	×	√	√	√	×
10	IDHS (Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey) 2012 [14]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
11	SRS (Sample Registration System) 2016 [15]	×	√	×	√	√	×	×
12	Indonesia health profile 2015 [16]	×	×	×	×	×	√	×
13	Population census 2010 [17]	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
14	PODES (Village Potential Survey) 2011 [18]	×	×	×	×	×	√	×
15	TB Prevalence Survey 2014 [19]	×	×	×	√	√	√	×
16	Global School Based Health Survey 2015 [20]	×	√	×	√	×	√	×

Sources: National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Authors, based on [5–20]

Sheet 3. Data sources mapped by health topic/indicators.

Health topics	Unique data source number
Reproductive health
Adolescent fertility rate	2	10
Total fertility rate	2	10
Contraceptive prevalence – modern methods	2	10	16
Demand for family planning satisfied	10
Maternal health interventions
Antenatal care coverage – at least four visits	2	3	5	6	10	12
Births attended by skilled health personnel	2	3	5	6	10	12
Postnatal care coverage	2	3	5	6	10	12
Child health interventions
Complete basic immunization coverage	1	2	3	5	6	10	12
Vitamin A supplementation	1	2	3	5	10	12
Exclusive breastfeeding	1	2	3	5	6	12
Nutrition
Prevalence of stunting among under-5 children	1	2	3	5
Prevalence of obesity among adults	1	2	3	5
Prevalence of low birth weight	1	2	3	5
Infectious diseases
Prevalence of malaria	2	3
Prevalence of acute respiratory infection	1	3
Prevalence of TB	15
Non-communicable diseases
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus	1	3
Prevalence of anaemia	1	3
Prevalence of hypertension	1	2	3
Injury
Prevalence of falls	1	3
Prevalence of road traffic accidents	1	3
Prevalence of serious injury	16
Mental health
Prevalence of population with psychosis/schizophrenia	3
Prevalence of mental emotional disorder	1	3
Disability
Prevalence of disability	1	3
Child mortality
Neonatal mortality	1	10	11	13
Infant mortality	1	7	10	11	13
Under-5 mortality	1	7	10	11	13
Maternal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio	7	10	11	13
Healthy/unhealthy behaviour
Prevalence of current smoking	1	3	6	8	9	16
Prevalence of alcohol consumption	1	3	8	9	16
Prevalence of physical inactivity	1	3	16
Prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption	1	3	16
Environmental health
Proportion of household using improved drinking water	1	2	3	6	13	14
Proportion of household using improved sanitation	1	2	3	6	13	14
Proportion of household using pesticide	1	2	3	6	13	14
Health insurance
Proportion of population with national health insurance	3	6
Proportion of population with province/district health insurance	3	6
Proportion of population with private health insurance	3	6
Health care access
Average travel time to health centre	1	3	14
Average transportation cost to health centre	1	3	14
Inpatient utilization rate	1	3	6
Outpatient utilization rate	1	3	6
Health facility
Number of hospital by province	4	12	14
Health centre density (per 300,000 population)	4	12
Bed occupancy rate in public hospital	12
Health financing
Average out-of-pocket health expenditure	6
Health expenditure per capita	6
Human resource for health
Number of doctors, midwives, nurses, nutritionists, sanitarians, health promotion staff in hospitals and in health centres	4	12
Density of doctors, midwives, nurses, nutritionists, sanitarians, health promotion staff (per 10,000 population)	4	12

Note: the unique data source number derives from Sheet 2.

Sources: National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Authors, based on [5–20]

Sheet 4. Data sources mapped by presence of unique identifiers to assess possibility of linking.

Unique identifier	Unique data source number
Individual ID	1	2	3	6	13
Village code	13	14
Sub-district code	4	13
District code	1	3	4	6	13
Health centre code	4

Note: the unique data source number derives from Sheet 2.

Sources: National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), based on [5–20]

Sheet 5. Data sources mapped by health topics/indicators and dimensions of inequality.

Health topics	Inequality dimension
	Economic status						Education						Occupation						Sex						Urban/rural						Province/region							Ethniciy
Reproductive health
Adolescent fertility rate	2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9
Total fertility rate	2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9					2	9
Contraceptive prevalence – modern methods	2	9					2	9	16				2	9					2	9	16				2	9					2	9	16
Demand for family planning satisfied	9						9						9						9						9						9
Maternal health interventions
Antenatal care coverage – at least four visits	2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10	12
Births attended by skilled health personnel	2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10		2	3	5	6	10	12
Postnatal care coverage	2	3	5	10			2	3	5	10			2	3	5	10			2	3	5	10			2	3	5	10			2	3	5	10	12
Child health interventions
Complete basic immunization coverage	1	2	3	5	6	10	1	2	3	5	6	10	1	2	3	5	6	10	1	2	3	5	6	10	1	2	3	5	6	10	1	2	3	5	6	10	12
Vitamin A supplementation	1	2	3	5	10		1	2	3	5	10		1	2	3	5	10		1	2	3	5	10		1	2	3	5	10		1	2	3	5	10	12
Exclusive breasefeeding	1	2	3	5	6		1	2	3	5	6		1	2	3	5	6		1	2	3	5	6		1	2	3	5	6		1	2	3	5	6	13
Nutrition
Prevalence of stunting among under-5 children	1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5
Prevalence of obesity among adults	1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5
Prevalence of low birth weight	1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5			1	2	3	5
Infectious diseases
Prevalence of malaria	2	3					2	3					2	3					2	3					2	3
Prevalence of acute respiratory infection	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)																			15						15						15
Non-communicable diseases
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Prevalence of anaemia	1	3					1	3	5				1	3	5				1	3					1	3	5
Prevalence of hypertension	1	2	3				1	2	3				1	2	3				1	2	3				1	2	3
Injury
Prevalence of falls	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Prevalence of road traffic accidents	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Prevalence of serious injury							16												16												16
Mental health
Prevalence of population with psychosis/schizophrenia	3						3						3						3						3						3
Prevalence of mental emotional disorder	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Disability
Prevalence of disability	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3
Child mortality
Neonatal mortality	1	10	11	13			1	10	11	13			1	10	11	13			1	10	11	13			1	10	11	13			1	10	11	13				13
Infant mortality	1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		7	10	13					13
Under-5 mortality	1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		1	7	10	11	13		7	10	13					13
Maternal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio
Healthy/unhealthy behaviour
Prevalence of current smoking	1	3	6				1	3	6	8			1	3	6	8			1	3	6	8	9	16	1	3	6	8	9		1	3	6	8	9	16
Prevalence of alcohol consumption	1	3					1	3	8				1	3	8				1	3	8	9	16		1	3	8	9			1	3	8	9	16
Prevalence of physical inactivity	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3	16				1	3					1	3	16
Prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption	1	3					1	3					1	3					1	3	16				1	3					1	3	16
Environmental health
Proportion of household using improved drinking water	1	2	3	6	13	14																			1	2	3	6	13	14	1	2	3	6	13	14
Proportion of household using improved sanitation	1	2	3	6	13	14																			1	2	3	6	13	14	1	2	3	6	13	14
Proportion of household using pesticide	1	2	3	6	13	14																			1	2	3	6	13	14	1	2	3	6	13	14
Health insurance
Proportion of population with national health insurance	3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6
Proportion of population with province or districts health insurance	3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6
Proportion of population with private insurance	3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6					3	6
Health care access
Average travel time to health centre	1	3																							1	3					1	3
Average transportation cost to health centre	1	3																							1	3					1	3
Inpatient utilization rate	1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6
Outpatient utilization rate	1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6				1	3	6
Health facility
Number of hospitals by province																									4						4	12	14
Health centre density (per 300,000 population)																									4						4	12
Bed occupancy rate in public hospital																															12
Health financing
Average out of pocket health expenditure	6																								6						6
Health expenditure per capita	6																								6						6
Human resource for health
Number of doctors, midwives, nurses, nutritionists, sanitarians, health promotion staff in hospitals and in health centres																									4						4	12
Density of doctors, midwives, nurses, nutritionists, sanitarians, health promotion staff (per 10,000 population)																									4						4	12

Source: National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Authors, based on [5–20]

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