Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics and weighted prevalence of current cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents aged 10–18 years (n = 185,628) (RISKESDAS 2013).

	Sample size	Weighted prevalence of current smoking (95% CI)	P value
National average	185,628	7.2 (7.1–7.4)
Sex			< 0.001
Male	95,352	14.0 (13.6–14.4)
Female	90,276	0.2 (0.1–0.4)
Age			< 0.001
10–12 years	69,083	0.4 (0.3–0.5)
13–15 years	63,353	5.1 (4.8–5.4)
16–18 years	53,195	18.9 (18.3–19.4)
Education			< 0.001
Incomplete elementary school	63,409	2.0 (1.9–2.2)
Complete elementary school	63,086	6.3 (6.0–6.7)
Complete junior high school	46,762	13.3 (12.9–13.9)
Complete senior high school or higher	12,371	16.4 (15.4–17.4)
Economic status			< 0.001
Quintile 1	36,000	8.5 (8.0–8.9)
Quintile 2	36,213	8.4 (8.0–8.8)
Quintile 3	36,265	7.6 (7.2–8.1)
Quintile 4	38,010	7.2 (6.7–7.6)
Quintile 5	38,540	4.9 (4.6–5.3)
Place of residence			0.158
Rural	102,934	7.4 (7.1–7.6)
Urban	82,694	7.1 (6.8–7.4)
Province (by island)			< 0.001
Sumatra
Aceh	7540	7.0 (6.2–7.9)
North Sumatra	15,270	6.1 (5.5–6.7)
West Sumatra	7434	7.6 (6.7–8.5)
Riau	5214	5.2 (4.4–6.0)
Jambi	4052	6.0 (5.1–7.1)
South Sumatera	6852	7.9 (7.1–8.8)
Bengkulu	3465	7.4 (6.3–8.8)
Lampung	5825	5.9 (5.1–6.8)
Bangka Belitung	1898	5.9 (4.9–7.2)
Riau Islands	1973	8.0 (5.5–11.3)
Java-Bali
DKI Jakarta	2105	6.6 (5.4–8.1)
West Java	13,957	8.4 (7.8–9.0)
Central Java	14,072	7.1 (6.6–7.7)
DI Yogyakarta	1482	9.3 (7.6–11.5)
East Java	14,416	8.2 (7.6–8.8)
Banten	4567	8.8 (7.6–10.1)
Bali	3096	4.2 (3.4–5.0)
Nusa Tenggara Islands
West Nusa Tenggara	4158	8.1 (7.2–9.2)
East Nusa Tenggara	8880	5.4 (4.7–6.0)
Kalimantan
West Kalimantan	5610	5.5 (4.8–6.2)
Central Kalimantan	4056	4.7 (3.8–5.8)
South Kalimantan	4231	6.3 (5.4–7.3)
East Kalimantan	4309	4.1 (3.3–5.1)
Sulawesi
North Sulawesi	4141	7.2 (6.2–8.4)
Central Sulawesi	3991	7.6 (6.5–8.8)
South Sulawesi	9115	8.2 (7.5–9.0)
Southeast Sulawesi	4593	5.0 (4.2–5.9)
Gorontalo	2164	8.2 (6.9–9.6)
West Sulawesi	2153	5.8 (4.8–7.0)
Maluku Islands
Maluku	4078	5.9 (4.7–7.4)
North Maluku	3145	6.3 (5.2–7.6)
Papua
West Papua	2234	5.1 (3.8–6.9)
Papua	5552	5.3 (4.3–6.5)

Note: Estimates and 95% CIs are reported as percentages.

Figure 1. Current cigarette smoking prevalence in adolescents (age 10–18 years) in 33 provinces, Indonesia (RISKESDAS 2013).

Note: Data are not available for the province North Kalimantan, which was created in 2012.

Table 2. Crude and adjusted association of current smoking among adolescents, according to socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors, in Indonesia (RISKESDAS 2013).

	Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Sex
Male	89.5 (68.89–115.11)	118.14 (91.24–152.97)
Female	1.00	1.00
Age
10–12 years	1.00	1.00
13–15 years	13.54 (11.22–16.34)	13.24 (10.82–16.19)
16–18 years	58.96 (48.96–70.99)	72.68 (59.06–89.43)
Education
Incomplete elementary school	1.00	1.00
Complete elementary school	3.31 (3.02–3.63)	1.16 (1.05–1.30)
Complete junior high school	7.54 (6.91–8.23)	1.14 (1.02–1.27)
Complete senior high school or higher	9.58 (8.59–10.67)	1.25 (1.08–1.44)
Economic status
Quintile 1	1.78 (1.63–1.96)	2.49 (2.20–2.81)
Quintile 2	1.77 (1.61–1.94)	2.26 (2.02–2.53)
Quintile 3	1.59 (1.45–1.75)	1.71 (1.53–1.91)
Quintile 4	1.49 (1.35–1.64)	1.60 (1.43–1.79)
Quintile 5	1.00	1.00
Place of residence
Rural	1.04 (0.98–1.11)	0.99 (0.91–1.06)
Urban	1.00	1.00
Province (by island)
Sumatra
Aceh	1.36 (1.06–1.74)	2.01 (1.50–2.69)
North Sumatra	1.16 (0.91–1.47)	1.51 (1.14–1.99)
West Sumatra	1.47 (1.15–1.87)	1.96 (1.47–2.61)
Riau	0.97 (0.75–1.27)	1.33 (0.97–1.82)
Jambi	1.14 (0.87–1.50)	1.45 (1.04–2.00)
South Sumatera	1.54 (1.21–1.96)	1.93 (1.45–2.58)
Bengkulu	1.44 (1.09–1.90)	1.88 (1.35–2.62)
Lampung	1.13 (0.87–1.46)	1.38 (1.02–1.87)
Bangka Belitung	1.13 (0.84–1.53)	1.91 (1.33–2.74)
Riau Islands	1.55 (0.99–2.41)	2.40 (1.38–4.17)
Java-Bali
DKI Jakarta	1.27 (0.94–1.72)	2.43 (1.70–3.47)
West Java	1.63 (1.30–2.05)	2.38 (1.82–3.12)
Central Java	1.37 (1.09–1.71)	1.82 (1.39–2.39)
DI Yogyakarta	1.84 (1.35–2.52)	2.60 (1.82–3.72)
East Java	1.59 (1.27–1.99)	2.20 (1.69–2.88)
Banten	1.72 (1.33–2.23)	2.44 (1.79–3.31)
Bali	0.78 (0.58–1.04)	1.08 (0.77–1.51)
Nusa Tenggara Islands
West Nusa Tenggara	1.58 (1.23–2.04)	2.02 (1.50–2.73)
East Nusa Tenggara	1.01 (0.79–1.29)	1.14 (0.85–1.52)
Kalimantan
West Kalimantan	1.03 (0.80–1.33)	1.26 (0.94–1.68)
Central Kalimantan	0.89 (0.66–1.21)	1.16 (0.82–1.65)
South Kalimantan	1.20 (0.92–1.57)	1.67 (1.22–2.27)
East Kalimantan	0.77 (0.57–1.04)	1.19 (0.83–1.70)
Sulawesi
North Sulawesi	1.40 (1.07–1.82)	1.88 (1.39–2.56)
Central Sulawesi	1.47 (1.13–1.92)	2.16 (1.56–3.00)
South Sulawesi	1.60 (1.26–2.02)	2.74 (2.07–3.63)
Southeast Sulawesi	0.93 (0.71–1.24)	1.15 (0.84–1.57)
Gorontalo	1.59 (1.21–2.10)	2.33 (1.66–3.27)
West Sulawesi	1.09 (0.82–1.47)	1.42 (1.00–2.02)
Maluku Islands
Maluku	1.13 (0.82–1.55)	1.29 (0.90–1.85)
North Maluku	1.20 (0.90–1.60)	1.44 (1.02–2.02)
Papua
West Papua	0.97 (0.66–1.41)	1.23 (0.79–1.92)
Papua	1.00	1.00

Note; The adjusted odds ratio are adjusted for sex, age, economic status, education, place of residence and province.