Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa

Figures & data

Table 1. Resilience disaggregated by socio-demographic, trauma exposures and social support.

	PTSD or depression symptoms		Resilient (below threshold for PTSD or depression)		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P value
Age group
18–29	33	30.3	24	30.0	57	30.2	0.859
30–44	41	37.6	33	41.3	74	39.2
45+	35	32.1	23	28.8	258	30.7
Education
Primary schooling and below	21	19.3	17	21.3	38	20.1	0.936
Secondary schooling	74	67.9	53	66.3	127	67.2
Tertiary education	14	12.8	10	12.5	24	12.7
Relationship status
Not in relationship	25	22.9	18	22.5	43	22.8	0.015
In relationship but not cohabiting	43	39.5	16	20.0	59	31.2
In relationship and cohabiting	41	37.6	46	57.5	87	46.0
Employment and income
Not employed	63	57.8	48	60.0	111	58.7	0.317
Employed earned < 2000R	17	15.6	17	21.3	34	18.0
Earned more than 2000R	29	26.6	15	18.8	44	23.3
No alcohol consumption in past 12 months	49	45.0	50	62.5	99	52.4	0.017
Alcohol consumed, no binge drinking	27	24.8	18	22.5	45	23.8
Binge drinking	33	30.3	12	15	45	23.8
Difficult to find money in emergency	94	86.2	57	71.3	151	79.9	0.031
Easy to find money in emergency	15	13.8	23	28.8	38	20.1
Family often or sometimes without food	49	45.0	34	42.5	83	43.9	0.772
Family seldom or never without food	60	55.1	46	57.5	106	56.1
History of child sexual abuse
Never	63	57.8	54	67.5	117	61.9	0.184
Once or more	46	42.2	26	32.5	72	38.1
Non-partner rape
None	78	72.9	66	83.5	144	77.4	0.058
Once or more	29	27.1	13	16.5	42	22.6
Other life traumatic event
None	43	40.2	42	52.5	85	45.5	0.100
One or more	64	59.8	38	47.5	102	54.6
Perceptions of community attitudes
Unsupportive	65	59.6	37	46.3	102	54.0	0.091
Supportive	44	40.4	43	53.8	87	46.0
Family support
No	26	23.9	28	35.0	54	28.6	0.039
Yes	83	76.2	52	65.0	135	71.4
Medical or psychosocial services utilization
No	58	53.2	56	70.0	114	60.3	0.006
Yes	51	46.8	24	30.0	75	39.7
Physical, sexual or emotional IPV in past 12 months
None	53	48.6	57	71.3	110	58.2	0.014
Once or more	56	51.4	23	28.8	79	41.8
Severity/frequency of IPV
Mild	65	59.6	57	71.3	122	64.6	0.149
Severe	44	40.4	23	28.8	67	35.5
IPV gradient
No IPV in last 12 months	53	48.6	57	71.3	110	58.2	0.011
Mild IPV in past 12moths	28	25.7	15	18.8	43	22.8
Severe (repeat sexual and physical) IPV in past 12 months	28	25.7	8	10.0	36	19.1
Know someone else abused by partner
No	28	25.7	32	40.0	60	31.8	0.047
Yes	81	74.3	48	60.0	129	68.3
Talk about IPV
No	52	48.2	37	46.3	89	47.3	0.779
Yes	56	51.9	43	53.8	99	52.7

Table 2. Factors associated with resilience among abused women.

	AOR	95% CI		P value
Unemployed in past 12 months	1.00
Employed earned < 2000R	1.75	0.49	6.27	0.375
Earned more than 2000R	0.36	0.14	0.91	0.033
No alcohol consumption in past 12 months	1.00
Alcohol consumed, no binge drinking	0.54	0.21	1.39	0.195
Binge drinking	0.39	0.17	0.91	0.03
No IPV in past 12 months	1.00
Mild IPV	0.57	0.21	1.53	0.253
Severe IPV	0.29	0.12	0.74	0.011
Other trauma exposure	0.88	0.40	1.94	0.744
History of child sexual violence	1.32	0.61	2.82	0.468
Experienced non-partner rape once or more in lifetime	0.62	0.24	1.61	0.311
Difficult to find money in emergency	1.00
Easy to find money in emergency	5.37	1.63	17.64	0.007
Perceptions of supportive community	2.35	1.03	5.35	0.043
No family support sought	1.00
Family support and supportive reaction	0.62	0.30	1.27	0.181
Family support and negative reaction	0.22	0.05	0.98	0.047
Used medical or psychosocial services	0.48	0.28	0.80	0.006
Knowing someone who is abused in community or family	0.46	0.19	1.11	0.082
Talked to someone else about IPV	1.29	0.59	2.80	0.508