Climate change, food security and health in Kiribati: a narrative review of the literature

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA selection process flow chart.

* NPR = non peer reviewed (reports, blogs, videos, newspaper articles)* PR = Peer Reviewed (strictly articles in journals)

Table 1. Items included in review according to type and source.

Source	Peer Reviewed Literature	Non-peer reviewed literature (including thesis, reports)
Pubmed, EBSCO, Web of Science	11	0
Google Search	0	19
Sources from References	4	3

Table 2. Items sorted according to theme and type.

Theme/Focus	Peer-Reviewed Article	Report/Data Summary	Thesis
A – Vulnerability of Kiribati: Urbanisation, Environment and Food Security	11	16	0
B – The Nutrition Transition, Lifestyle changes and impacts on Public Health	12	13	0
C – Governance, Communities and Interventions	2	6	0
D – The Importance of Traditional Knowledge in Ensuring Food Security	6	11	1

Table 3. Highest priority climate-sensitive health risks in individual Pacific Island countries (with each country’s highest priorities indicated by ‘x’).

Climate-Sensitive-Health-Risk	Country
	Cook Islands	Fiji	Kiribati	Marshall Islands	Micronesia (Federated States)	Nauru	Niue	Palau	Samoa	Solomon Islands	Tonga	Tuvalu	Vanuatu
Direct effects
Health impacts of extreme weather events	x	x		x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Heat-related illness	x					x	x			x			x
Indirect effects
Water security & safety (including waterborne diseases)	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Food security & safety (including malnutrition & foodborne diseases)	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x	x	x	x	x
Vector-borne diseases	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Zoonoses		x			x			x
Respiratory illness	x			x	x	x	x	x		x		x	x
Disorders of the eyes, ears, skin and other body systems		x		x			x			x		x	x
Diffuse effects
Disorders of mental/psychosocial health		x		x	x	x		x		x		x	x
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)		x		x	x		x	x		x	x	x	x
Health systems problems		x	x
Population pressures			x

Source: modified from McIver et al., 2016 [9].

Table A1. Search terms for peer-reviewed articles.

Search #	Query	Items Found
PUBMED
#1	“Climate change“[All Fields] AND “Food security“[All Fields] AND “health“[All Fields] AND ”Kiribati”[All Fields] AND (”2008/01/01”[PDat]: ”2018/08/14”[PDat])	0
#2	“Climate change“[All Fields] AND “health“[All Fields] AND “Kiribati”[All Fields] AND (”2008/01/01”[PDat]: ”2018/08/14”[PDat])	2
#3	“Climate change“[All Fields] AND “food“[All Fields] AND “health“[All Fields] AND ”Kiribati”[All Fields] AND (”2008/01/01”[PDat]: ”2018/08/14”[PDat])	1
#4	“food“[All Fields] AND “health“[All Fields] AND “Kiribati”[All Fields] AND (”2008/01/01”[PDat]: ”2018/08/14”[PDat])	7
EBSCOHost (all databases)
#2	(climate change or global warming) AND health AND Kiribati. Limiters – Published Date: 20080101–20181231; Hidden NetLibrary Holdings	9
#3	(climate change or global warming) AND food AND health AND Kiribati. Limiters – Published Date: 20080101–20181231; Hidden NetLibrary Holdings	4
#4	Food AND health AND Kiribati. Limiters – Published Date: 20080101–20181231; Hidden NetLibrary Holdings	12
Web of Science
#1	TOPIC: (“Climate Change“ AND “Food Security“ AND ”health” AND ”Kiribati”) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan = 2008–2018	1
#2	TOPIC: (“Climate Change“ AND “health” AND ”Kiribati”) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan = 2008–2018	6
#3	TOPIC: (“Climate change“ AND “food“ AND ”health” AND ”Kiribati”) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan = 2008–2018	2
#4	TOPIC: (“food“ AND “health” AND ”Kiribati”) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan = 2008–2018	9

Table A2. Search term for google search (searched on 14 August 2008).

Period of Time Search	Query (Search Term)	Items Found
1 January 2008–14 August 2018	“Climate Change“ OR “global warming“ AND “Food“ OR “Food Security” OR ”Food Insecurity” AND ”health” AND ”Kiribati”	98

McIver L, Kim R, Hales S, et al. Human health and climate change in Pacific Island countries [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2015 [cited 2017 Aug 4]. Available from: http://iris.wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665.1/12399/9789290617303_eng.pdf

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