Evaluation of a treatment protocol for anaemia in pregnancy nested in routine antenatal care in a limited-resource setting

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics overall and by haematinic group (prophylaxis or treatment).

		Overall N = 10886	Prophylaxis N = 8640	Treatment N = 2246
Age, years mean ± SD [range]		26 ± 7 [13–50]	26 ± 7 [13–48]	28 ± 7 [14–50]
Gravida, median [IQR; range]		2 [1–4,1–17]	2 [1–4, 1–17]	3 [2–5, 1–14]
Primigravida (G1P0), n (%)		3205 (29.4)	2684 (31.1)	521(23.2)
Trimester first ANC, n (%)	1	5578 (51.2)	4500 (52.1)	1078 (48.0)
	2	4289 (39.4)	3320 (38.4)	969 (43.1)
	3	1019 (9.4)	820 (9.5)	199 (8.9)
Malaria Infection, n (%)		1580 (14.5)	915 (10.6)	665 (29.6)
No. HCT measures, median [IQR; range]		5 [4–11; 2–33]	4 [4–9; 2–33]	11 [8–15; 2–33]
First HCT, mean ±SD [range]		34 ± 4 [12–49]	35 ± 3 [23–49]	31 ± 4 [12–49]
Last HCT, mean ± SD [range]		34 ± 3 [17–49]	34 ± 3 [23–49]	32 ± 3 [17–47]

Abbreviations: ANC antenatal care, EGA estimated gestational age, G gravida, HCT Haematocrit, IQR Inter-quartile range, P parity, SD standard deviation.

^aMissing data n = 4635. Data are mean ± SD, [range]; or median [IQR; range], or proportion n (%)

Figure 2. Mean (95%CI) haematocrit according to haematinic group (px – prophylaxis, rx – treatment), gestation (4–40 weeks) and trimester of the first antenatal visit (n = 10,559).

N: 1^st tri px 4,371; 2^nd tri px 3,199; 3^rd tri px 811; 1^st tri rx 1,039; 2^nd tri rx 941; 3^rd tri rx 198.Abbreviations: tri, trimester; px, prophylaxis; tx, treatment.

Table 2. Risk factors associated with anaemia at delivery in women in the treatment group who received at least 2 weeks of treatment (n = 2155).

Factor		N 2,155	Delivery HCT <30% n (%)	OR (95% CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Primigravida	Yes	506	78 (15.4)	Reference	Reference
	No	1,649	378 (22.9)	1.63 (1.25, 2.13), p < 0.001	1.51 (1.14, 2.00), p = 0.004
T 1^st ANC	T 1 or 2	1,976	404 (20.4)	Reference	Reference
	T 3	179	52 (29.1)	1.59 (1.13, 2.24), p = 0.007	1.46 (1.02, 2.00), p = 0.037
Malaria in pregnancy	No	1,523	328 (21.5)	Reference	Reference
	Yes	632	128 (20.3)	0.93 (0.74, 1.16), p = 0.507	0.91 (0.71, 1.15), p = 0.415
Delayed treatment	No	1,727	345 (20.0)	Reference	Reference
	Yes, >4 weeks	428	111 (25.9)	1.40 (1.10, 1.79), p = 0.007	1.56 (1.20, 2.01), p = 0.001
Mean HCT at diagnosis, %	HCT (%) at start treatment	2,155	n.a.	0.82 (0.78, 0.85), p < 0.001	0.82 (0.78, 0.85), p < 0.001

Abbreviations: AOR – Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI – Confidence Interval; ANC antenatal care; HCT – Haematocrit; T trimester.