mHealth for image-based diagnostics of acute burns in resource-poor settings: studies on the role of experts and the accuracy of their assessments

Figures & data

Figure 1. An application of the context of emergency care of burns (text in red) in light of the congruence model (adapted from [30]) and the four studies focusing on the work of experts.

Table 1. Five most common body parts burned among children and adults and women and men presenting to emergency centres in the Western Cape*.

Body part	Children (n = 1013) %	Adults (n = 900) %	Women (n = 904) %	Men (n = 1011) %
Lower extremities	13.1	13.9	15.8	11.4
Trunk including buttocks	12.1	11.3	12.1	11.6
Upper extremities excluding hands	9.6	9.9	10.1	9.4
Hands	8.6		7.0	7.5
Upper extremities and trunk		7.7
Head	7.9	7.1	8.1	7.1

*Age was unknown for two patients

Table 2. Diagnostic accuracy of burn size and depth assessments made on handheld devices by all participants and by participant group.

Cases	Participants	Size	Depth
		ICC (95% CI)	ICC (95% CI)
Overall	All	0.82 (0.81–0.84)	0.53 (0.49–0.57)
	South African EM specialists	0.80 (0.77–0.83)	0.49 (0.43–0.55)
	South African burns specialists	0.87 (0.85–0.89)	0.64 (0.58–0.69)
	Swedish burns specialists	0.87 (0.84–0.89)	0.51 (0.43–0.59)
Children	All	0.81 (0.78–0.83)	0.61 (0.55–0.65)
	South African EM specialists	0.77 (0.72–0.81)	0.54 (0.45–0.62)
	South African burns specialists	0.90 (0.87–0.92)	0.75 (0.68–0.80)
	Swedish burns specialists	0.83 (0.78–0.87)	0.59 (0.48–0.68)
Adults	All	0.81 (0.78–0.84)	0.46 (0.40–0.52)
	South African EM specialists	0.79 (0.75–0.83)	0.44 (0.35–0.53)
	South African burns specialists	0.85 (0.81–0.89)	0.54 (0.43–0.63)
	Swedish burns specialists	0.87 (0.83–0.90)	0.45 (0.33–0.56)

Nadler DA, Tushman ML. Frameworks for organizational behavior. A model for diagnosing organizational behavior: applying a congruence perspective. In: Nadler DA, Tushman ML, Hatvany NG, editors. Managing organizations. Readings and cases. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.; 1982. p. 557.

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