Shifting the focus to functioning: essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3, inclusive Universal Health Coverage and supporting COVID-19 survivors

Figures & data

Figure 1. Example of International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF) diagram for health condition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with access to related service and assistive technology needs [5]

Table 1. Examples of four tools that measure components of the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF) [5]

Measurement tool example	Tool method	Number of ICF component/s	Specific ICF component/s measured	Description
RAAB [16]	Clinical measurement	1	Impairment	Objectively measures distance and near visual impairment (VI) and assesses cause. RAAB 7 integrates Peek acuity which assesses visual acuity by a non-specialist using a smartphone.
Washington Group on Disability question sets [17]	Self-report	1	Activity limitations	Short question module: six questions for participants ≥5 years old measuring six core functional domains- seeing, hearing, walking, cognition, self-care, and communication. Extended question module: 29 questions for participants ≥5 years old including short set module plus upper body functioning, psychosocial difficulties, pain and fatigue, and additional information in certain domains of functioning both with and without the use of assistive technology/aids. Child functioning module: two question sets for participants between 2–4 years old and 5–17 years assessing functional difficulties in different domains including hearing, vision, communication/comprehension, learning, mobility and emotions.
WHO Model Disability Survey [18]	Self-report	6	Health condition; body function; activity limitations; participation restrictions; environment and personal factors	Self-reported questionnaire that asks people what they do, or do not do, in their daily lives focusing on functioning in multiple domains well-aligned with the ICF and a series of questions regarding domain-specific and participation-specific health service, rehabilitation and AT use.
WHO GATE’s rapid Assistive Technology Assessment [19]	Self-report	3	Activity limitations; participation restrictions; environment	Self-reported questionnaire that assesses participants’ need, unmet need and access to AT using adapted Washington Group Short Set as initial screening and images alongside each assistive product.

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International Centre for Eye Health. The RAAB repository 2018. Available from: http://raabdata.info

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Washington Group on Disability Statistics Secretariat. Washington group on disability statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 27]. Available from: http://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/

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World Health Organization. Model disability survey. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2020 Aug 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/disabilities/data/mds/en/

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