Facilitators and barriers for the delivery and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Indonesia: a scoping review

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of included articles

Characteristics of research	n*	References
Quantitative methodology	27	[23,34–38,41–43,45–50,52–63]
Qualitative methodology	6	[22,33,39,40,44,51]
Mixed- methodology	1	[31]
Primary Data	29	[22,33–44,46,47,50–63]
Secondary Data	3	[23,49,63]
Primary & Secondary Data	3	[31,45,48]
Population Sample
Women only	29	[23,33–38,41–43,45–63]
Health Care Providers**	4	[22,31,39,44]
Men**	3	[22,31,40]
Location
Rural	6	[35–40]
Peri-urban	2	[33,34]
Urban	23	[22,31,43–63]
Urban & Rural	2	[41,42]
National (13/27 provinces)	1	[23]
Provinces
Central Java	13	[35–38,40,42,44,45,52,53,56,61,62]
East Java	5	[33,46,49,54,55]
West Java	4	[22,47,50,57]
Jakarta	3	[31,51,63]
Yogyakarta	3	[34,41,43]
North Sumatra	1	[59]
Riau	1	[39]
South Sulawesi	1	[48]
Banten	1	[58]
Bali	1	[60]
Timeframe of Publication
2000–2010	1	[31]
2015–2020	29	[22,23,33–55,57,59–63]

**Studies counted more than once per category

*Number of studies

Table 2. Identified themes

Theme	n*	References
Demand-Side Facilitators:
Husband, Family or Social/Peer Support	14	[22,23,35–38,40,45,49,53,55–57,62]
Information availability, knowledge and awareness	12	[34,36,40,45,46,48,49,51–53,55–58,61,62]
Positive attitude, motivation and perception	12	[37,38,43,49,51–54,58,60–62]
Having health insurance and short travel insurance	4	[23,41,42,45]
Higher education and socioeconomic status	11	[23,38,47,50,52,55,57,58,61–63]
Supply-Side Facilitators:
Counselling and Support	6	[22,33,37–39,47]
Ease of access	6	[22,33,41,42,51,53]
Health Promotion and Advocacy	2	[22,39]
HCPs gender	2	[40,41]
Clear supervision, support and ensuring quality of services	1	[44]
Demand-Side Barriers:
Lack of knowledge, awareness and lack of confidence	14	[22,23,31,33,34,36,40,48,51,55,57–59,62]
Low-risk perception	3	[40,50,51,55]
Lack of husband’s permission and general support	6	[22,31,41,47,50,56,59]
Fear, fatalism and shame	10	[22,33,34,39–41,47,50,51,55]
Time and transport constraints	8	[22,31,41,42,46,50–52,57]
Low education	4	[45,58,59,63]
Supply-Side Barriers:
Limited access/coverage and operating hours	2	[22,31]
Lack of skilled CC screening providers	3	[36,39,44]
Lack of advocacy and health promotion	3	[22,44,52]
Inadequate implementation & coordination	2	[40, 45]
Resource constraints	3	[23, 40]
Lack of communication and support for HCPs	3	[23, 40, 45]

Figure 1. Nexus between barriers, facilitators, supply- and demand-side factors

Figure 2. Prisma flow chart [27]

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