Valid and reliable neonatal near-miss assessment scale in Ethiopia: a psychometric validation

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of study neonates in Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau Public Hospitals Northwest Ethiopia 2020 (n = 465)

Variables	Category	Number (%)
Sex of the neonate	Male	248 (53.3)
	Female	217 (46.7)
Care during the first 2 hrs	Wrapped and in maternal arms	352 (75.7)
	Warmer	71 (15.2)
	Others*	42 (9.1)
NICU admission	Yes	132(28.4)
	No	333(76.6
Reason of NICU admission	Difficulty of breathing	55(41.7)
	Anemia	22(16.7)
	Infection	17(12.9)
	Low birth weight	16(12.1)
	Other**	13(9.8)
Way of maternity ward to NICU transfer	Arm of staffs	116(87.9)
	Maternal arm	16(12.1)

NB:*Incubator and **Hypoglycemia, jaundice, congenital abnormality, and prematurity.

Table 2. Total variance explained for neonatal near-miss assessment scale in Amhara region public health hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2021 (n = 465)

Factors	Initial Eigenvalues			Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
Cardio-respiratory	4.516	18.819	18.819	4.516	18.819	18.819
Sensory and drug	1.976	8.232	27.051	1.976	8.232	27.051
Neuro-renal	1.942	8.091	35.142	1.942	8.091	35.142
Hepatic	1.708	7.115	42.257	1.708	7.115	42.257
Lab-investigation	1.527	6.362	48.619	1.527	6.362	48.619
Pragmatic	1.367	5.696	54.315	1.367	5.696	54.315

Table 3. Rotated component matrix of exploratory factor analysis for neonatal near-miss assessment scale in Amhara region public health hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2021 (n = 465)

Rotated Component Matrix
Number of items	Component
	Cardio-respiratory	Sensory&drug	Neuro-renal	Hepatic	Laboratory	Pragmatic
Absence of regular breathing	.816
Respiratory rate >70 bpm	.747
Bradycardia <80 bpm	.743
Positive pressure ventilation	.719
Nasal-CPAP	.658
Intubation for suctioning	.616
APGAR score <7 at 5th minute	.525
Use of corticosteroids		.700
Inability to suck within 24 hrs		.693
Use of vasoactive drugs		.573
Neural tube defect			.749
Recurrent seizure			.663
Anuria greater than 6 hrs			.655
Central cyanosis			.595
Bilirubin level >10 mg/dl with in 24 hrs				.772
Phototherapy within 24 hours				.768
Jaundice in first 24 hours				.711
Hgb < 10 g/dl,					.852
WBC < 4000 cells/mm^3					.769
B/glucose level < 40 mg/dl in 24 hrs					.625
First-week surgery						.641
Gestational age < 34 weeks						.632
Birth weight < 1750 grams						.579
Temperature 6–12 hrs <35°C						.578

Table 4. Item total correlation, composite reliability (CR), the square root of the average variance extracted (in bold), and correlation b/n factors (off-diagonal) of NNMAS development and validation among live-born neonates in Amhara Region Public Health Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2020 (n = 465)

Factor	N-o items	Item total correction range	CR	AVE	Factor Correlation Matrix
					1	2	3	4	5	6
Factor 1	7	0.47–0.61	0.95	0.83	0.91
Factor 2	3	0.42–0.47	0.87	0.81	.270	0.90
Factor 3	4	0.35–0.43	0.90	0.80	.093	.057	0.90
Factor 4	3	0.47–0.52	0.93	0.87	.163	.143	.059	0.94
Factor 5	3	0.30–0.62	0.92	0.86	.147	.048	.057	.124	0.93
Factor6	4	0.25–0.29	0.87	0.78	.092	.172	.012	.055	.045	0.88