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Global Health Action Volume 15, 2022 - Issue 1
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Short Communication

Growing debt burden in low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19 may constrain health financing

Frederik Federspiela Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-0827View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Josephine Borghia Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5451View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Melisa Martinez-Alvarezb MRC Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The GambiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4020-7527View further author information
ORCID Icon
Article: 2072461 | Received 09 Feb 2022, Accepted 27 Apr 2022, Published online: 22 Jun 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Public external debt stock as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) from 2000–2020 [Citation1].

Figure 1. Public external debt stock as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) from 2000–2020 [Citation1].

Figure 2. Public external debt service as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) from 2000–2020 [Citation1].

Figure 2. Public external debt service as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) from 2000–2020 [Citation1].

Figure 3. Number of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) that spent more on public external debt servicing than health, 2000–2019 [Citation1,Citation2].

Figure 3. Number of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) that spent more on public external debt servicing than health, 2000–2019 [Citation1,Citation2].

Figure 4. Public external debt service and government health expenditure from domestic revenue (GHE-S) as fractions of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (%) among Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in 2019 [Citation1,Citation2]. The diagonal line indicates equal spending on debt servicing and health. Countries above the line spend more on external debt than on health and vice versa.

Figure 4. Public external debt service and government health expenditure from domestic revenue (GHE-S) as fractions of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (%) among Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in 2019 [Citation1,Citation2]. The diagonal line indicates equal spending on debt servicing and health. Countries above the line spend more on external debt than on health and vice versa.
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