The trend and pattern of adult mortality in South-Central Ethiopia: analysis using the 2008-2019 data from Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance System

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of the deceased, Butajira HDSS, 2008–2019, Ethiopia.

Variable	Category	N (%)
Age	15–49	404(25.1)
	50–64	325(20.2)
	65+	883(54.8)
Sex	Female	811(50.3)
	Male	801(49.7)
Marital status	Married	928(57.6)
	Unmarried	159(9.9)
	Divorced	46(2.9)
	Separated	10(0.6)
	Widowed	469(26.1)
Education	Never been to school	1,228(76.2)
	Primary education	302(18.7)
	Secondary education	55(3.4)
	Higher education	27(1.7)
Occupation	Housewife	484(30)
	Farmer	652(40.4)
	Personal business	206(12.8)
	Other	270(16.7)
Place of death	Health institution	91(5.6)
	Home	1,478(91.7)
	Other place	43(2.7)
Residence	Urban	300(18.6)
	Rural	1,312(81.4)
	Total	1,612(100)

Table 2. The distribution of deaths by adult age and gender, Butajira HDSS, 2008–2019, Ethiopia.

	Male (N = 801)						Female (N = 811)
	15–49 (N = 229)		50–64 (N = 154)		65+ (N = 418)		15–49 (N = 175)		50–64 (N = 171)		65+ (N = 465)
Year of death	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
2008	23	31.9	13	18.1	36	50	21	30.9	13	19.1	34	50
2009	19	28.8	13	19.7	34	51.5	17	29.8	12	21.1	28	49.1
2010	20	33.3	11	18.3	29	48.3	16	23.5	13	19.1	39	57.4
2011	14	37.8	5	13.5	18	48.6	17	25.8	15	22.7	34	51.5
2012	15	23.1	16	24.6	34	52.3	16	23.2	16	23.2	37	53.6
2013	29	43.9	13	19.7	24	36.4	18	25	23	31.9	31	43.1
2014	18	30	12	20	30	50	10	15.6	17	26.6	37	57.8
2015	18	23.4	22	28.6	37	48.1	13	23.2	3	5.36	40	71.4
2016	19	27.9	14	20.6	35	51.5	13	17.6	20	27	41	55.4
2017	22	25.9	14	16.5	49	57.6	15	17.2	19	21.8	53	60.9
2018	20	23.3	13	15.1	53	61.6	10	15.6	12	18.8	42	65.6
2019	12	20.3	8	13.6	39	66.1	9	13.6	8	12.1	49	74.2

Figure 1. Temporal trend and pattern of broad CoD over the years(%), Butajira HDSS: 2008–2019, Ethiopia.

Table 3. Broad CoD distribution by sex, age, and residence, Butajira HDSS, 2008–2019, Ethiopia.

				Variable
		Sex		Age			Residence
		Female (N = 811)	Male (N = 801)	15–49 (N = 404)	50–64 (N = 325)	65+ (N = 883)	Rural (N = 1312)		Urban (N = 300)
YoD	CoD	% (95% CI)	%(95% CI)	%(95% CI)	%(95% CI)	%(95% CI)	%(95% CI)		%(95% CI)
2008	CDs	47.4 (35.7,59.1)	51.6(38.7,64.2)	63.6 (47.7,77.5)	50(22.9,70)	40(28.4,52.4)	51.3(41.8,60.6)		39.1(19.7,61.4)
	NCDs	50(38.3,61.6)	39.1(27.1,52)	29.5(16.7,45.2)	46.2(26.5,66.6)	54.3(41.9,66.2)	42.7(33.6,52.2)		56.5(34.4,76.8)
	ECs	2.6(0.3,9.1)	6.3(1.7,15.2)	6.8(1.4,18.6)	3.8(0,19.6)	2.9(0.3,9.9)	5.1(1.9,10.8)		-
	UND	-	3.1(0.3,10.8)	-	-	2.9(0.3,9.9)	0.9(0,4.6)		4.3(0.1,21.9)
2009	CDs	43.9(30.7, 57.6)	39.4(27.5,52.1)	55.6(38.3,72)	36(17.9,57.4)	35.5(23.7,48.6)	39.8(30,50.1)		48(27.7,68.6)
	NCDs	49.1(35.6,62.7)	48.5(35.9,61.1)	27.8(14.2,45.1)	52(31.3,72.2)	59.7(46.4,71.9)	49.0(38.7,59.2)		48(27.7,68.6)
	ECs	1.8(0.04,9.3)	7.6(2.5,16.8)	11.1(3.1,26)	8(0.9, 26)	-	5.1(1.6.11.5)		4(0.1,20.3)
	UND	5.3(1.1,14.6)	4.5(0.9,12.7)	5.6(0.6,18.6)	4(0.1,20.3)	4.8(1,13.4)	6.1(2.2,12.8)		-
2010	CDs	50.8(37.8,63.6)	32.3(21.2,45)	55.6(38.3,72)	33.3(15.6,55.3)	36.8(25.3,49.3)	41.7(32.1,51.8)		40(21.1,61.3)
	NCDs	39.7(27.5,52.7)	55.4(42.5,67.7)	30.6(16.3,48.1)	62.5(40.5,81.2)	51.5(39,63.7)	47.6(37.6,57.6)		48(27.7,68.6)
	ECs	1.6(0.0,8.5)	7.7(2.5,17)	11.1(3.1,26)	-	2.9(0.3,10.2)	4.9(1.5.10.9)		4(0.1,20.3)
	UND	7.9(2.6,17.5)	4.6(9,12.9)	2.8(0,14.5)	4.2(0.1,21.1)	8.8(3.3,18.2)	5.8(2.1,12.2)		8(0.9,26)
2011	CDs	35.2(22.6,49.3)	20.4(10.2,34.3)	31.0(15.2,50.8)	25(8.6,49.1)	27.8(16.4,41.6)	30(20.2,41.2)		21.7(7.4,43.7)
	NCDs	53.7(39.6,67.3)	65.3(50.3,78.3)	55.2(35.6,73.5)	70(45.7,88.1)	57.4(43.2,70.7)	55(43.4,66.1)		73.9(51.5,89.7)
	ECs	1.9(0.1,9.8)	8.2(2.2,19.6)	10.3(2.1,27.3)		3.7(0.4,12.7)	6.3(2,13.9)		-
	UND	9.3(3.1,20.3)	6.1(1.2,16.8)	3.4 (0,17.7)	5(0.1,24.8)	11.1(4.1,22.6)	8.8(3.5,17.2)		4.3(0.1,21.9)
2012	CDs	37.5(26.3,49.7)	32.3(20.9,45.3)	36.7(19.9,56.1)	43.8(26.3,62.3)	30.6(20.2,42.5)	36.6(26.8,47.1)		31.7(18,48)
	NCDs	52.8(40.6,64.6)	53.2(40.1,66)	50(31.2,68.7)	40.6(23.6,59.3)	59.7(47.4,71.1)	54.8(44.1,65.1)		48.8(32.8,64.8)
	ECs	2.8(0.3,9.6)	9.7(3.6,19.8)	10(2.1,26.5)	6.3(0.7,20.8)	4.2(0.8,11.6)	5.4(1.7,12.1)		7.3(1.5,19.9)
	UND	6.9(2.2,15.4)	4.8(1,13.4)	3.3(0,17.2)	9.4(1.9,25)	5.6(1.5,13.6)	3.2(0.6,9.1)		12.2(4,26,2)
2013	CDs	39.7(28,52.3)	27.1(17.1,39)	30.6(18.2,45.4)	32.4(17.3,50.5)	36.4(23.8,50.4)	34.7(25.4,4.7)		29.7(15.8,46.9)
	NCDs	52.9(40.4,65.1)	57.1(44.7,68.9)	51(36.3,65.5)	55.9(37.8,72.8)	58.2(44.1,71.3)	50.5(40.3,60.5)		67.6(50.2,81.9)
	ECs	4.4(0.9,12.3)	12.9(6,23)	12.2(4.6,24.7)	11.8(7.3,27.4)	3.6(0.4,12.5)	11.9(6.2,19.8)		-
	UND	2.9(0.3.10.2	2.9(0.3,9.9)	6.1(1.2,16.8)	-	1.8(0,9.7)	3.0(0.6,8.4)		2.7(0,14.1)
2014	CDs	23.8(13.9,36.2)	31.1(19.9,42,2)	23.3(9.9,42.2)	24.1(10.2,43.5)	30.8(19.9,43.4)	29.8(20.7,40)		20(7.7,38.5)
	NCDs	69.8((56.9,80.7)	54.1(40.8,66.9)	56.7(37.4,74.5)	69(49.1,84.7)	61.5(48.6,73.3)	58.5(47.8,68.5)		73.3(54.1,87.7)
	ECs	4.8(09,13.2)	11.5(4.7,22.2)	20(7.7,38.5)	6.9(0.8,22.7)	3.1(0.3,10.6)	9.6(4.4,17.3)		3.3(0,17.2)
	UND	1.6(0,8.5)	3.3(0.3,11.3)	-	-	4.6(0.9, 12.9)	2.1(0.2,7.4)		3.3(0,17.2)
2015	CDs	25.4(14.9,38.4)	40.5(29.2,52.5)	17.2(5.8,35.7)	41.7(22.1,63.3)	37.5(26.9,49)	38.5(28.7,49)		21.6(9.8,38.2)
	NCDs	61(47.4,73.4)	44.6(33,56.6)	62.1(42.2,79.3)	54.2(32.8,74.4)	47.5(36.2,58.9)	47.9(37.6,58.3)		62.2(44.7,77.5)
	ECs	6.8(1.8,16.4)	6.8(2.3,15)	6.9(0.8,22.7)	4.2(0.1,21.1)	7.5(2.8,15.6)	8.3(3.6,15.7)		2.7(0,14.1)
	UND	6.8(1.8,16.4)	8.1(3,16.8)	13.8(3.6,31.6)	-	7.5(2.8,15.6)	5.2(1.7,11.7)		13.5(4.5,28.7)
2016	CDs	22.2(12.7,34.4)	24.1(15.1,34.9)	19.4(7.4,37.4)	13.9(4.6,29.4)	29.3(19.3,40.9)	24.5(16.8,33.6)		18.8(7.2,36.4)
	NCDs	76.2(63.7,86)	62(50.4,72.7)	61.3(42.1,78.1)	77.8(60.8,89.8)	66.7(54.8,77.1)	68.2(58.6,76.7)		68.8(49.9,83.8)
	ECs	1.6(0,8.5)	11.4(5.3,20.5)	19.4(7.4,37.4)	5.6(0.6,18.6)	2.7(0.3,9.3)	6.4(2.5,12.6)		9.4(1.9,25)
	UND	-	2.5(3,8.8)	-	2.8(0,14.5)	1.3(0.7.2)	0.9(0,4.9)		3.1(0,16.2)
2017	CDs	28.7(19.8,38.9)	25.6(16.4,36.7)	20.5(9.2, 36.4)	30.3(15.5,48.7)	29(20.3,38.9)	26(19.1,33.7)		36.4(17.1,59.3)
	NCDs	67(56.5,76.3)	62.8(51.1,73.5)	48.7(32.4,65.2)	66.7(48.1,82)	71(61,79.6)	65.3(57.1,72.9)		63.6(40.6,82.8)
	ECs	3.2(0.6,9)	11.5 (5.4,20.7)	28.2(15,44.8)	3(0,15.7)	-	8(4.2,13.5)		-
	UND	1.1(0,5.7)	-	2.6(0,13.4)	-	-	0.7(0,3.6)		-
2018	CDs	14.3(7.3,24.1)	24.7(15.3,36.1)	17.2(5.8,35.7)	19.2(6.5,39.3)	20(12.4,29.4)	19.6(13.5,26.9)		-
	NCDs	83.1(72.8,90.6)	67.1(55.1,77.6)	69(49.1,84.7)	69.2(48.2,85.6)	78.9(69.3,86.6)	75(67.2,81.7)		100(15.8,1*)
	ECs	2.6(0.3,9)	5.5(1.5,13.4)	10.3(2.1,27.3)	11.5(2.4,30.1)	-	4.1(1.5,8.6)		-
	UND	-	2.7(0.3,9.5)	3.4(0,17.7)	-	1.1(0.5.7)	1.4(0.1,4.7)		-
2019	CDs	20(11.1,31.7)	23.3(13.3,36)	22.7(7.8,45.3)	25(7.2,52.3)	20.7(12.7,30.7)	22.1(15.1,30.5)		-
	NCDs	78.5(66.5,87.6)	65(51.5,76.8)	50(28.2,71.7)	75(47.6,92.7)	77(66.7,85.3)	71.3(62.4,79.1)		100(29.2,1*)
	ECs	1.5(0,8.2)	11.7(4.8,22.5)	27.3(10.7,50.2)	-	2.3(0.2,8)	6.6(2.8,12.5)		-
	UND	-	-	-	-	-			-

YoD: Year of Death, CoD: Causes of Death, (*) one-sided, 97.5% confidence interval.

Table 4. Rate of adult mortality in broad causes of death during 2008–2019 in Butajira HDSS, Ethiopia.

				Variable
				Age			Sex		Residence
		Year of death	Rate/1000py (95%CI)	15–49 (95%CI)	50–64 (95%CI)	65+ (95%CI)	Male (95%CI)	Female	Urban	Rural
Causes of death category	CDs	2008	3.2(2.4,4)	1.5(0.9,2.1)	5.7(3,9.7)	33.0(22,47.3)	3.0(2,4.2)	3.4(2.3,4.7)	1.7(0.7,3.2)	3.7(2.8,4.7)
		2009	2.5(1.8,3.2)	1.1(0.6,1.6)	4.7(2.1,8.9)	25.9(16.3,38.9)	2.7(1.7,3.9)	2.3(1.4,3.3)	2.0(1,3.4)	2.7(1.9,3.6)
		2010	2.6(1.9,3.4)	1.1(0.6,1.6)	6.9(2.9,13.5)	26.4(17.1,38.7)	2.1(1.3,3.2)	3.2(2.1,4.5)	1.5(0.7,2.7)	3.2(2.3,4.3)
		2011	1.3(0.8,1.7)	0.4(0.1,0.7)	3.2(1,7.4)	13.4(7.5,22)	0.9(0.4,1.6)	1.5(0.9,2.3)	0.7(0.2,1.6)	1.5(0.9,2.2)
		2012	1.8(1.2,2.3)	0.5(0.2,0.8)	8.4(4.6,14)	17.5(11,26.3)	1.8(1,2.7)	1.7(1.1,2.4)	1.6(0.8,2.7)	1.8(1.2,2.5)
		2013	1.9(1.2,2.2)	0.7(0.3,1.1)	7.3(3.6,13)	16.2(9.9,24.9)	1.7(1,2.6)	2.0(1.3,2.9)	1.4(0.6,2.5)	2.1(1.4,2.9)
		2014	1.6(1,2.1)	0.4(0.1,0.8)	3.9(1.5,8)	11.8(7.2,18.1)	1.6(0.9,2.4)	1.5(0.8,2.4)	0.8(0.2,1.7)	1.9(1.2,2.7)
		2015	1.9(1.3,2.5)	0.2(0,0.4)	5.9(2.8,10.8)	16.3(11,23.1)	2.4(1.6,3.4)	1.3(0.7,2.1)	1.00.4,1.9)	2.3(1.6,3.1)
		2016	1.2(0.8,1.7)	0.3(0.1,0.6)	3.0(0.9,6.9)	10.7(6.7,16.1)	1.3(0.7,2)	1.1(0.6,1.8)	0.6(0.2,1.3)	1.5(0.9,2.1)
		2017	1.6(1.2,2.1)	0.3(0.1,0.5)	5.5(2.6,10)	12.6(8.4,18)	1.4(0.8,2.1)	1.9(1.2,2.7)	0.7(0.3,1.3)	2.3(1.6,3.1)
		2018	1.1(0.7,1.6)	0.2(0,0.4)	2.1(0.6,4.8)	8.0(4.8,12.4)	1.4(0.8,2.2)	0.8(0.3,1.4)	-	1.4(0.9,2)
		2019	1.7(1.1,2.4)	0.4(0.1,0.9)	3.2(0.8,8.1)	10.7(6.3,16.8)	1.7(0.9,2.8)	1.7(0.9,2.9)	-	2.3(1.5,3.3)
	NCDs	2008	2.9(2.2,3.7)	0.7(0.3,1.1)	5.2(2.6,9)	44.8(31.9,60.9)	2.3(1.4,3.3)	3.6(2.5,4.9)	2.5(1.3,4.2)	3.1(2.3,4)
		2009	2.9(2.2,3.7)	0.6(0.2,1.1)	6.8(2.8,10.2)	43.6(30.9,59.6)	3.4(2.3,4.7)	2.5(1.6,3.6)	2.0(1,3.4)	3.3(2.4,4.3)
		2010	3.0(2.3,3.8)	0.6(0.2,1)	13.0(6,19.2)	36.9(25.8,50.9)	3.6(2.5,4.9)	2.5(1.6,3.6)	1.8(0.9,3.1)	3.7(2.4,4.4)
		2011	2.6(2,3.3)	0.8(0.4,1.2)	9.1(4.9,15.2)	27.6(18.8,38.9)	3.0(2,4.2)	2.4(1.6,3.4)	2.4(1.3,3.8)	2.8(2,3.7)
		2012	2.7(2, 3.3)	0.6(0.3,0.9)	7.8(4.1,13.3)	34.3(24.9,45.9)	3.0(2,4.2)	2.4(1.6,3.2)	2.5(1.5,3.8)	2.7(2,3.5)
		2013	3.1(2.4,3.8)	1.1(0.7,1.6)	12.7(7.6,19.7)	25.9(17.7,36.3)	3.6(2.5,4.8)	2.7(1.8,3.7)	3.3(2.1,4.8)	3.0(2.2,3.9)
		2014	3.5(2.7,4.4)	0.9(0.5,1.4)	11.1(6.7,17)	23.7(16.9,32.1)	2.9(1.9,4)	4.3(3.2,5.7)	3.0(1.8,4.5)	3.8(2.8,4.9)
		2015	2.9(2.2,3.6)	0.9(0.5,1.4)	7.6(4,12.9)	20.7(14.6,28.3)	2.6(1.7,3.6)	3.2(2.2,4.4)	3.0(1.9,4.4)	2.9(2.1,3.8)
		2016	3.6(2.8,4.3)	0.8(0.4,1.2)	16.6(11,23.9)	24.3(18,31.9)	3.4(2.5,4.4)	3.8(2.8,5)	2.3(1.4,3.4)	4.2(3.3,5.2)
		2017	3.9(3.2,4.7)	0.8(0.4,1.2)	12.1(7.5,18.2)	30.8(24.1,38.6)	3.4(2.5,4.4)	4.4(3.3,5.6)	1.2(0.6,2)	5.7(4.6,6.9)
		2018	4.3(3.5,5.2)	0.9(0.5,1.3)	7.4(4.3,11.6)	31.7(25,39.5)	3.8(2.5,5)	4.9(3.7,6.2)	0.4(0,1.4)	5.3(4.3,6.3)
		2019	5.7(4.5,7)	0.9(0.4,1.6)	9.5(4.9,16.5)	39.7(30.9,50.1)	4.9(3.4,6.6)	6.7(4.9,8.8)	0.8(0.1,2.3)	7.4(5.9,9.1)
	ECs	2008	0.3(0.1,0.6)	0.2(0,0.5)	0.4(0,2.2)	2.4(0.2,8.6)	0.4(0.1,1)	0.2(0,0.7)	-	0.4(0.1,0.8)
		2009	0.3(0.1,0.6)	0.2(0,0.5)	1.0(0.1,3.6)	-	0.5(0.1,1.1)	0.1(0,0.5)	0.2(0,1.1)	0.3(0,0.7)
		2010	0.3(0.1,0.6)	0.2(0,0.5)	-	2.1(0.2,7.5)	0.5(0.1,1.1)	0.1(0,0.5)	0.1(0,1.1)	0.4(0.1,0.9)
		2011	0.2(0,0.5)	0.1(0,0.2)	-	1.8(0.2,6.4)	0.4(0.1,1)	0.1(0,0.5)	-	0.3(0,0.7)
		2012	0.3(0.1,0.5)	0.1(0,0.2)	1.2(0.1,4.3)	2.4(0.4,6.9)	0.5(0.1,1.1)	0.1(0,0.3)	0.4(0,1.1)	0.3(0,0.7)
		2013	0.5(0.2,0.8)	0.3(0.1,0.6)	2.7(0.7,6.9)	1.6(0.1,5.7)	0.8(0.3,1.5)	0.2(0,0.5)	-	0.7(0.3,1.2)
		2014	0.5(0.2,0.8)	0.3(0.1,0.6)	1.1(0.1,3.9)	1.2(0.1,4.3)	0.6(0.2,1.2)	0.3(0,0.8)	0.1(0,1.1)	0.6(0.2,1.1)
		2015	0.4(0.1,0.7)	0.1(0,0.3)	0.6(0,3.3)	3.3(1.2,7.1)	0.4(0.1,0.9)	0.4(0.1,1)	0.1(0,1.1)	0.5(0.2,0.9)
		2016	0.4(0.1,0.6)	0.3(0.1,0.6)	1.2(0.1,4.3)	1.0(0.1,3.6)	0.6(0.2,1.1)	0.1(0,0.5)	0.3(0,0.8)	0.4(0.1,0.8)
		2017	0.4(0.2,0.7)	0.5(0.2,0.8)	0.5(0,2.7)	-	0.6(0.2,1.1)	0.2(0,0.5)	-	0.7(0.3,1.2)
		2018	0.2(0,0.5)	0.1(0,0.2)	1.2(0.2,3.5)	-	0.3(0,0.7)	0.2(0,0.7)	-	0.3(0.1,0.6)
		2019	0.5(0.2,1)	0.5(0.2,1.3)	-	1.2(0.1,4.3)	0.9(0.3,1.8)	0.1(0,0.5)	-	0.7(0.3,1.3)

YoD: Year of Death, CoD: Causes of Death.

Figure 2. Trends in crude mortality rates (per 1000 person-years observed, pyo) by broad CoD in Butajira HDSS, 2008–2019, Ethiopia.

Figure 3. The 3-years moving average in the adult mortality rate during 2008–2019 in Butajira HDSS, Ethiopia.