Community engagement and involvement in managing the COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review and stakeholders mapping

Figures & data

Table 1. Study inclusions and exclusions criteria.

Inclusion criteria	All types of primary studies, including qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods in the context of urban poor, community engagement involvement, COVID-19, and published between November 2019 and August 2021.
Exclusion criteria	Reviews, commentaries, editorials articles, any non-COVID-19 studies related to CEI and settings other than urban poor.

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram.

Table 2. Study characteristics.

Author year	Country	Study type	Study approach	Sampling	Data Collection Method	Types of urban poor	Key Stakeholder	Community engagement approach	Support domains
Baaees et al., 2021	Yemen	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Not applicable	Surveillance	Internally displaced people	Community Volunteer	Community-based surveillance	Health
Costa et al., 2020	Brazil	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Snowball	Survey	Slum dweller	Community Health Workers	Community health services	Health
Fransen et al., 2020	Kenya	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Random	Survey	Slum dweller	Local NGOs	Technical and financial support	Livelihood
Hajjar and Abu-Sittah, 2021	Syrian	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Not applicable	Survey	Refugee	Local NGOs	Care for refugee children	Health
Kar et al., 2021	India	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Purposive	Survey	Slum dweller	City Authorities	Care taken for the special groups	Health
Kaushal and Mahajan, 2021	India	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Not applicable	Not applicable	Slum dweller	City Authorities, Healthcare Providers, Slum-dwellers	Awareness, arrange quarantine centers and free kitchen	Health
Patel, 2020	India	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Census	Not applicable	Slum dweller	City Authorities	Free food distribution and awareness	Livelihood
Pinchoff et al., 2021	Kenya	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Random	Survey	Informal settlement	City Authorities, Local NGOs	soap or hand sanitizer, cash, and food.	Health
Durizzo et al., 2020	South Africa, Ghana	Quantitative	Cross-sectional	Random	Structured phone survey	Low-income settlement	City Authorities	Water and food distribution, support testing processes	Health & Livelihood
George et al., 2020	India	Mixed-method	Ethnographic	Purposive	Surveys, FGDs	Informal settlement	City Authorities, Public Health Department, Private Hospitals	Provided health services
Nunes et al., 2021	Brazil	Mixed-method	Cross-sectional	Random	Interview	Homelessness	City Authorities	Comprehensive care and health promotion	Health
Peteet et al., 2020	India	Mixed-method	Report	Not applicable	Field Survey	Slum dwellers	Community Health Workers	Free tests for screening, health promotion, and maternal health care	Health
Pongutta et al., 2021	Thailand	Mixed-method	Cross-sectional	Not mention	Interviews	Slum dwellers	Community Volunteer	Provide food, sanitary product	Livelihood & WASH
Raman et al., 2021	India	Mixed-method	Ethnographic	Purposive	In-depth Interview	Slum dwellers	Community Volunteer	Comprehensive care and health promotion	Health
Sumalatha et al., 2021	India	Mixed-method	Cross-sectional	Random	Telephonic discussion	Slum dwellers	City Authorities	Comprehensive care and health promotion	Health
Ahmed et al., 2020	Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan	Mixed-method	Cross-sectional	Purposive	Survey, FGDs	Slum dwellers	City Authorities, Private Hospital	Providing health services, and financial support	Health & Livelihood
Williams and Shahabuddin, 2021	Bangladesh	Mixed-method	Cross-sectional	purposive	Survey, FGDs	Slum dwellers	Community volunteers	Provide shelter and financial support	Livelihood
Akter et al., 2021	Bangladesh	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Snowball	Interview	Slum dwellers	City Authorities, Local NGOs	Water, food, and financial support	Livelihood
Bhattacharya et al., 2021	India	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Purposive	Semi-structured interview	Homeless people	Local NGO and Service Providers	Basic amenities through social media	Livelihood
Braga et al., 2020	Brazil	Qualitative	Exploratory	purposive	FGD	Informal settlement	Public Administration and Social Organization	Food kit donations, Digital food card	Livelihood
Douedari et al., 2020	Syria	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Snowball	Interviews	Displaced communities	City Authorities, NGOs, Health Facilities	Awareness campaigns, water & hygiene kits	Health
Ebekozien et al., 2021	Nigeria	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Snowball	Semi-structured interviews	Informal settlement	Government and Healthcare Providers	An alcoholic-based solution to overcome hindrance in access to water	Health
Munajed and Ekren, 2020	Lebanon and Turkey	Qualitative	Exploratory	Snowball	semi-structured interviews	Refugee	Local NGO	Social welfare aid	Livelihood
Nyashanu et al., 2020	Tshwane	Qualitative	Exploratory	Purposive	Semi-structured	Informal settlement	Local NGOs, Religious organizations	Awareness, food Aid, Washbasins	Health & WASH
Ojogiwa and Akinola, 2020	Nigeria	Qualitative	Exploratory	Purposive	Interview	Slum dwellers	City Authorities, Local NGOs	Free food and financial assistance	Livelihood
Osuteye et al. 2020	Sierra Leone	Qualitative	Not mention	Purposive	Key informant interview	Informal settlement	Community-based Organizations	Water and food distribution, support quarantine processes	Health & Livelihood
Ruszczyk et al., 2020	Bangladesh	Qualitative	Empirical	Purposive	In-depth household surveys, FGD	Informal settlement	Stakeholders	Food support	Livelihood
Srivastava et al. 2021	India	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Purposive	semi-structured interview	Migrant workers	Local NGO	Social support	Livelihood
Sudhipongpracha and Poocharoen, 2021	Kenya and Thailand	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Purposive	interview	Slum dwellers	Local NGOs and Community Health Workers	Community awareness	Health
Venkatachalam and Memon, 2020	India	Qualitative	Phenomenology	Purposive	interview	slum dwellers	Stakeholders	Free food distributions, home-based care for chronic illness	Health & Livelihood

Figure 2. Stakeholder analysis (accountability mapping using interest–influence matrix).

Data availability statement

Data will be made available on request.