Geographic and socioeconomic inequities in cesarean delivery rates at the district level in Madhya Pradesh, India: A secondary analysis of the national family health survey-5

Figures & data

Figure 1. Madhya Pradesh government’s three-tier healthcare system [17].

Table 1. Caesarean delivery data in India vs. Madhya Pradesh.

NFHS-5 (2019–2021)	India	Madhya Pradesh
Institutional births (%)	88.6	90.7
Institutional births in public facility (%)	61.9	80.2
Births by cesarean delivery (%)	21.5	12.1
Births in a private health facility that were by cesarean delivery (%)	47.4	52.3
Births in a public health facility that were by cesarean delivery (%)	14.3	8.2

Figure 2. Geographical depiction of cesarean delivery rates in the districts of MP in 2015 (2a (2015–16)) and 2019 (2b (2018–19)).

Figure 3. Cesarean delivery rates by district proportion of poorest and poorer wealth quintiles population in 51 districts of MP in 2019–21.

National Health Systems Resource Centre. HMIS managers’ manual: user manual for web portal and DHIS2. In New Delhi: department of health and family welfare, government of India; 2011. [cited 2022 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/HMIS-Download.aspx

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Data availability statement

The data is available in a public, open-access repository, and the corresponding author can also share it. We investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequities of CD across the 51 districts in MP and compare the contribution of public and private healthcare facilities to the overall state CD rate.