Prevalence and social determinants of smoking among men in Mauritius: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the sub-sample of men, Mauritius 2021.

Characteristic	N = 1,663
age6.f
<25	86 (5.2%)
25–35	215 (12.9%)
35-<45	328 (19.7%)
45-<55	368 (22.1%)
55-<65	419 (25.2%)
65+	247 (14.9%)
Marital status
Married	1,239 (75.1%)
Single	353 (21.4%)
Sep/Divorced	42 (2.5%)
Widowed	17 (1.0%)
Ethnic group
Sino-Mauritian	90 (5.4%)
Hindu-Mauritian	969 (58.3%)
Muslim-Mauritian	356 (21.4%)
Creole	248 (14.9%)
Residence
Rural	1,042 (62.7%)
Urban	621 (37.3%)
Education
Tertiary	248 (15.2%)
Secondary	885 (54.2%)
Primary	501 (30.7%)
Occupation
Professionals	182 (11.2%)
Associate professionals+Traders	325 (20.0%)
Manual workers	546 (33.5%)
Clerical	167 (10.3%)
Retired	305 (18.7%)
Students/Unemployed	104 (6.4%)
Income
Richest	154 (9.7%)
Richer	194 (12.2%)
Middle	454 (28.5%)
Poor	623 (39.2%)
Poorest	166 (10.4%)
Cash margin
Yes	715 (43.8%)
No	917 (56.2%)
Difficulties make ends meet
No difficulties	1,301 (80.3%)
Yes, difficulties	320 (19.7%)

Table 2. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios of the relationship between the social factors and smoking (95% confidence intervals in brackets) in men, Mauritius 2021.

	Smoking N (%)	PR crude (95% CI)	PR adjusted (95%CI) (occupation excluded)	PR adjusted (95%CI) (age excluded)
Age
<25	27 (31.8)	1	1
25-<35	101 (47.9)	1.51 (1.07–2.12)	1.65 (1.12–2.41)
35-<45	118 (36.5)	1.15 (0.82–1.62)	1.12 (0.75–1.68)
45-<55	110 (30.3)	0.95 (0.67–1.35)	0.90 (0.59–1.36)
55-<65	108 (26.2)	0.83 (0.58–1.17)	0.78 (0.51–1.20)
65+	33 (13.6)	0.43 (0.27–0.67)	0.39 (0.23–0.66)
Marital status
Married	336 (27.5)	1	1	1
Single	133 (38.0)	1.38 (1.17–1.62)	1.04 (0.85–1.27)	1.34 (1.12–1.60)
Sep/Divorced/Widow-er	27 (45.8)	1.66 (1.24–2.23)	1.57 (1.16–2.11)	1.58 (1.17–2.13)
Ethnicity
Sino-Mauritian	15 (16.9)	1	1	1
Hindu-Mauritian	274 (28.7)	1.70 (1.06–2.73)	1.33 (0.80–2.21)	1.55 (0.93–2.59)
Muslim-Mauritian	114 (32.6)	1.93 (1.19–3.14)	1.45 (0.86–2.44)	1.70 (1.00–2.89)
Creole	94 (38.5)	2.29 (1.40–3.73)	1.64 (0.97–2.76)	1.97 (1.16–3.35)
Education
Tertiary	60 (24.2)	1	1	1
Secondary	277 (31.3)	1.29 (1.02–1.65)	1.29 (1.00–1.67)	1.09 (0.81–1.46)
Primary	159 (31.7)	1.31 (1.02–1.69)	1.47 (1.10–1.98)	1.09 (0.79–1.50)
Occupation
Professionals	45 (24.7)	1		1
Assoc Prof. + Traders	94 (28.9)	1.17 (0.86–1.59)		0.99 (0.69–1.43)
Manual workers	204 (37.4)	1.51 (1.15–1.99)		1.25 (0.88–1.78)
Clerical	53 (31.7)	1.28 (0.92–1.80)		1.15 (0.78–1.69)
Retired	63 (20.7)	0.84 (0.60–1.17)		0.74 (0.50–1.10)
Students/Unemployed	37 (35.6)	1.44 (1.00–2.07)		1.05 (0.68–1.61)
Income
Richest	34 (22.1)	1	1	1
Richer	57 (29.4)	1.33 (0.92–1.92)	1.18 (0.82–1.72)	1.24 (0.85–1.83)
Middle	116 (25.6)	1.16 (0.83–1.62)	1.03 (0.72–1.46)	1.01 (0.71–1.46)
Poor	219 (35.2)	1.59 (1.16–2.18)	1.34 (0.95–1.89)	1.28 (0.89–1.84)
Poorest	52 (31.3)	1.42 (0.98–2.06)	1.34 (0.90–1.99)	1.22 (0.81–1.85)
Financial strain
Yes	190 (26.6)	1	1	1
No	305 (33.3)	1.25 (1.07–1.46)	1.12 (0.95–1.31)	1.13 (0.96–1.33)
Difficulties make ends meet
No difficulties	371 (28.5)	1	1	1
Yes, difficulties	118 (36.9)	1.29 (1.09–1.53)	1.07 (0.90–1.28)	1.16 (0.97–1.39)
Residence
Rural	313 (30.6)	1
Urban	184 (30.0)	0.98 (0.84–1.14)

Data availability statement

Data cannot be shared publicly because of the sensitive nature. Data are available from Umeå University (contact via the correspondent author) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.