Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and various extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. Fruits from Morocco

Figures & data

Figure 1. Scheme of the extraction methods of various extracts from fruits of A. leucotrichus.

Table 1. Chemical composition of A. leucotrichus fruits essential oil from Morocco.

N^a	Components	RI l^b	RI a^c	RI p^d	%^e
1	α-Pinene	936	928	1021	1,1
2	β-Pinene	978	966	1109	0,5
3	Myrcene	987	976	1158	0,2
4	3-Carene	1010	1001	1147	0,7
5	Limonene	1025	1019	1204	12,5
6	Cuminaldehyde		1210	1781	1,6
7	Peryllaldehyde	1260	1251	1772	73,5
8	α-Terpinen-7-al		1267	1772	1,3
9	γ-Terpinen-7-al		1279	1854	1,5
10	methyl Perillate	1381	1372	1985	1,8
Total identified (Monoterpenes)					94.7
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons					15
Oxygenated Monoterpenes					79.7

^aOrder of elution are given on apolar column (Rtx-1);

^bRI l = retention indices on the apolar column (Rtx-1) in literature;

^cRI a = retention indices on the apolar column (Rtx-1);

^dRI p = retention indices on the polar column (Rtx-Wax);

^eRelative percentages of components (%) are calculated on GC peak areas on the apolar column (Rtx-1).

Table 2. Scavenging effect (%) on DPPH of positive controls, essential oil and various extracts from fruits of A. leucotrichus at different concentrations.^a

Sample	Antiradical activities
EO	Concentration (µg/ml)	2000	4000	6000	8000
	Scavenging effect (%)	38.51 ± 2.37	52.83 ± 1.80	68.52 ± 1.10	81.04 ± 0.75
OdHW	Concentration (µg/ml)	100	150	200	300
	Scavenging effect (%)	42.38 ± 0.51	53.29 ± 0.14	68.48 ± 0.38	80.42 ± 0.34
DeHW	Concentration (µg/ml)	100	150	200	300
	Scavenging effect (%)	35.80 ± 0.49	49.95 ± 0.96	56.01 ± 2.09	72.06 ± 2.07
DeMC	Concentration (µg/ml)	100	120	160	180
	Scavenging effect (%)	43.05 ± 1.66	49.29 ± 0.92	74.49 ± 3.31	83.09 ± 1.20
DeMW	Concentration (µg/ml)	40	90	100	120
	Scavenging effect (%)	16.57 ± 1.14	36.15 ± 0.71	55.64 ± 5.69	68.90 ± 5.69
OdMC	Concentration (µg/ml)	40	50	60	70
	Scavenging effect (%)	34.95 ± 4.20	44.10 ± 4.11	54.17 ± 3.72	74.61 ± 7.38
OdMW	Concentration (µg/ml)	20	30	40	50
	Scavenging effect (%)	24.90 ± 4.57	38.09 ± 2.99	58.58 ± 6.55	68.48 ± 5.23
Torlox	Concentration (µg/ml)	1.0	2.0	3.0	5.0
	Scavenging effect (%)	14.96 ± 0.46	28.74 ± 1.95	49.98 ± 2.29	79.24 ± 1.87
Ascorbic acid	Concentration (µg/ml)	3.0	5.0	6.0	7.0
	Scavenging effect (%)	28 ± 0.80	39.48 ± 0.57	67.06 ± 4.50	82.18 ± 1.00

^aValues expressed are means ± S.D. of three parallel measurements.

Figure 2. Free radical scavenging capacities of the extracts from fruits of A. leucotrichus and positive controls measured in DPPH assay.

Table 3. Phenols Total and flavonoid content of essential oil and different extracts of the fruits of A. leucotrichus.

Sample	Phenolic content (mg CAEs/g extract)	Flavonoid content (mg QEs/g extract)
EO	nt	nt
OdHW	57.22 ± 2.14^f	6.48 ± 2.04^e
DeHW	50.76 ± 1.14^e	3.03 ± 0.03^d
DeMC	66.98 ± 9.46^d	4.31 ± 2.11^d
DeMW	141.44 ± 19.17^c	21.00 ± 1.03^c
OdMC	301.96 ± 9.94^b	33.25 ± 5.24^b
OdMW	398.37 ± 8.56^a	56.65 ± 1.03^a

Mean values (± standard deviation) followed by different letters in each column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) by least significant difference test (LSD);

nt: not tested.