Effect of antidiabetic therapy on TNF-α, IL-18, IL-23 and IL-35 levels in T2DM patients with coincidental Helicobacter pylori infection

Figures & data

Table 1. The demographic data and glycated hemoglobin of healthy controls, diabetic non-treated and diabetics treated groups.

				Diabetic treated groups
	Healthy controls (n = 25)	Diabetic non-treated (n = 15)	Total treated (n = 87)	Metformin (n = 15)	Glimepiride (n = 18)	Met.+ Glim. (n = 15)	Met.+Insulin (n = 19)	Insulin (n = 20)
Age (Year) Mean ± SE	34.60 ± 2.81	56.13 ± 2.79***	58.66 ± 1.03***	56.13 ± 2.42***	62.06 ± 2.72***	54.60 ± 2.50***	56.74 ± 1.98***	62.35 ± 1.59***+
Gender, no.(%)
MaleFemale	8(32)17(68)	10(66.7)5(33.3)	46(52.87)41(47.13)	7(46.7)8(53.3)	9(50)9(50)	7(46.7)8(53.3)	10(52.6)9(47.4)	13(65)7(35)
BMI (kg/m^2)Mean ± SE	24.27 ± 0.42	32.64 ± 1.12***	32.06 ± 0.81***	32.96 ± 1.87***	33.10 ± 1.23***	32.18 ± 2.17***	33.15 ± 2.46***	29.34 ± 1.0**
HbA1c (%)Mean ± SE	5.78 ± 0.04	9.95 ± 0.27***	7.10 ± 0.087***^+++	6.82 ± 0.22***^+++	7.04 ± 0.19***^+++	7.35 ± 0.21***^+++	6.87 ± 0.18***^+++	7.37 ± 0.16***^+++

Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). Values were considered significantly different at **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus healthy control and +P < 0.05; and +++P < 0.001 versus diabetic non-treated groups. Gps: groups, HbA1c: HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, BMI: body mass index, Met.: metformin, Glim.: glimepiride.

Figure 1. The levels of (A) TNF-α concentration, (B) IL-18 mRNA expression, (C) IL-23 mRNA expression, (D) IL-35 mRNA expression, (E) H. Pylori IgG concentration, (F) H. Pylori (Ag)% of healthy controls, diabetic non-treated group and diabetic treated groups. Values were considered significantly different at *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01 and ***P< 0.001 versus healthy controls; and ⁺P< 0.05 and ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001 versus diabetic non-treated group. IL; interleukin, TNF-α.; tumour necrosis factor-alpha, Met.: metformin, Glim.: glimepiride.

Figure 2. Correlations between H. Pylori IgG level with (A) BMI, (B) HbA1c, (C) TNFα, (D) IL-18, (E) IL-23, and (F) IL-35 values among metformin plus glimepiride treated group. Correlation was significant ** at the 0.01 level, *** at the 0.001 level. IL; interleukin, BMI: body mass index, TNF-α.; tumour necrosis factor-alpha, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.

Figure 3. Correlations between HbA1c% with (A) BMI, (B) H. Pylori-IgG, (C) TNF-α, (D) IL-18, (E) IL-23, (F) IL-35 values among metformin plus glimepiride treated group. Correlation was significant * at the 0.05 level, *** at the 0.001 level. TNF-α.; tumour necrosis factor-alpha, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, IL; interleukin, BMI: body mass index.