In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against fungal pathogens causing black point disease of wheat

Figures & data

Figure 1. Antagonistic activity of T. viride and T. harzianum strains against different phytopathogenic strains.

Table 1. Antagonistic activity of T. harzianum and T. viride against the concerned fungal phytopathogens. (T.h, T. harzianum; T.v, T. viride).

	Mean diameter of mycelial growth of phytopathogens (mm)			Percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (%)
Phytopathogens	Biculture (T. h)	Biculture (T. v)	Control	T. h	T. v
A. alternata	18.3 ± 0.29^a	14.2 ± 0.37^a	56.9 ± 0.26^a	67.83^a	75.04^a
B. sorokiniana	20.4 ± 0.38^a	18.6 ± 0.24^b	49.8 ± 0.31^b	59.04^b	62.65^b
D. halodes	30.9 ± 0.41^b	26.7 ± 0.19^c	55.1 ± 0.22^a	43.92^c	51.54^c
F. proliferatum	29.3 ± 0.12^b	22.5 ± 0.32^d	62.9 ± 0.34^c	53.42^d	64.23^a

*Different letters in the same column indicated that values were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 2. Inhibitory effect of the culture filtrates of antagonistic strains (T. harzianum andT. viride) against wheat fungal phytopathogens.

	Mean diameter of mycelial growth of phytopathogens			IMG %
Phytopathogens	Control	(T. h) filtrates	(T. v) filtrates	T. h	T. v
A. alternata	73.2 ± 0.86^a	50.9 ± 0.15^a	52.02 ± 1.50^a	28.72^a	30.46^a
B. sorokiniana	55.2 ± 0.26^b	23.2 ± 0.34^b	25.90 ± 0.40^b	53.06^b	57.97^b
D. halodes	57.1 ± 0.52^b	32.6 ± 0.19^c	33.8 ± 0.41^c	40.81^c	42.90^c
F. proliferatum	79.4 ± 0.32^c	64.3 ± 0.37^d	74.05 ± 0.49^d	6.97^d	19.02^d

*Inhibition Index of Mycelial Growth (IMG %)

*T.h: Trichoderma harzianum; T.v: Trichoderma viride.

*Different letters in the same column indicated that values were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Figure 2. Mycoparasitic behaviour of T. harzianum against B. sorokiniana, F. proliferatum and A. alternata.

Table 3. Effect of different concentrations of fungicide (carbendazim) on mycelial growth of wheat phytopathogenic fungi. (A. a, Alternaria alternata; B.s, Bipolaris sorokiniana; D. h, Drechslera halodes; F. p, Fusarium proliferatum).

	Mean diameter of mycelial growth (mm)				Percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (%)
Carbendazim, conc. (ppm)	A. a	B. s	D. h	F. p	A. a	B. s	D. h	F. p
0.00 (control)	56.9 ± 0.26^a	49.8 ± 0.31^a	55.1 ± 0.22^a	62.9 ± 0.34^a	0.00^a	0.00^a	0.00^a	0.00^a
0.50	68.6 ± 0.22^b	26.8 ± 0.14^b	73.1 ± 0.32^b	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	46.18^b	0.00^a	100.00^b
1.00	62.7 ± 0.26^b	15.4 ± 0.28^c	71.9 ± 0.43^b	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	69.08^c	0.00^a	100.00^b
1.50	60.8 ± 0.19^c	9.8 ± 0.18^d	64.7 ± 0.16^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	80.32^d	0.00^a	100.00^b
2.00	60.2 ± 0.29^c	0.00 ± 0.00^e	62.1 ± 0.25^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	100.0^e	0.00^a	100.00^b
2.50	58.9 ± 0.17^c	0.00 ± 0.00^e	61.6 ± 0.09^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	100.0^e	0.00^a	100.00^b
3.00	57.9 ± 0.34 ^c	0.00 ± 0.00^e	60.4 ± 0.12^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00^a	100.0^e	0.00^a	100.00^b

*Different letters in the same column indicated that values were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 4. Antifungal activity of T. viride and T. harzianum extracts against different phytopathogenic fungal strains.

		Inhibition zone diameter of fungal strains (mm)
Treatment Concn (µg/disc)	Fungal pathogens	100 µg/disc	200 µg/disc	300 µg/disc	400 µg/disc	FCZ (25 µg/disc)
(T. h) extract	A. a	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	10.57 ± 0.34	11.56 ± 0.51	15.27 ± 0.18
	B. s	0.00 ± 0.00	11.36 ± 0.67	13.06 ± 0.23	15.43 ± 0.29	20.56 ± 0.19
	D. h	0.00 ± 0.00	10.21 ± 0.00	12.56 ± 0.56	14.21 ± 0.32	18.48 ± 0.51
	F. p	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	11.23 ± 0.37	12.23 ± 0.12	16.23 ± 0.38
(T. v) extract	A. a	0.00 ± 0.00	9.78 ± 0.54	11.26 ± 0.65	13.43 ± 0.11	15.54 ± 0. 23
	B. s	0.00 ± 0.00	12.29 ± 0.09	14.69 ± 0.24	16.62 ± 0.64	19.78 ± 0.35
	D. h	0.00 ± 0.00	11.89 ± 0.26	13.42 ± 0.49	15.76 ± 0.59	18.65 ± 0.17
	F. p	0.00 ± 0.00	10.34 ± 0.73	12.46 ± 0.33	13.29 ± 0.41	16.81 ± 0.06

Table 5. GC-MS analysis of the active components of T. harzianum extract.

Compounds	Chemical formula	M.W	Retention time (min.)	% of Total
6-pentyl-α-pyrone	C10H14O2	166.22	7.846	26.43
2-phenylethyl alcohol	C8H10O	122.16	8.263	11.36
Isopentyl acetate	C7H14O2	130.18	9.568	4.65
Acetic acid	C2H4O2	60.05	11.872	12.84
1-Hexadecanol	C16H34O	242.44	13.539	6.45
Hexadecanoic acid	C16H32O2	256.42	15.785	15.98
Dioctyl ester, hexanedioic acid	C22H42O4	370.60	17.349	4.24
1-methoy-2-propanone	C4H8O2	88.10	18.652	7.29
9-Eicosane	C20H40	282.50	19.743	2.23
2-butoxyethyl acetate	C8H16O	160.21	21.263	8.53

Table 6. GC-MS analysis of the active components of T. viride extract.

Compounds	Chemical formula	M.W	Retention time (min.)	% of Total
Cyclooctanol	C8H16O	128.21	7.568	32.74
β-farnesene	C15H24	204.35	8.546	6.78
Propyl-benzene	C9H12	120.19	9.378	21.65
α-Bisabolol	C15H26O	222.37	12.985	7.32
D- limonene	C10H16	136.24	14.653	8.49
Cadinene	C15H24	204.35	16.445	11.23
Epizonaren	C15H24	204.35	21.354	9.34
Propanoic acid	C3H6O2	74.08	23.456	2.45