A novel green solution to metal pollution in aquatic environment: Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer

Figures & data

Figure 1. SEM micrograph for biosorbent (a) and metal-loaded biosorbent (b).

Figure 2. FTIR spectrum for biosorbent (a) and metal-loaded biosorbent (b).

Figure 3. Effect of metal concentration (a), pH (b), biosorbent amount (c), operation time (d).

Figure 4. Effect of intra-particle diffusion on metal biosorption.

Table 1. Biosorption kinetics modelling results.

Model	Parameter
Pseudo-first-order
	qe	k1	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1	min^−1	-	-	-
	49.318	0.064	0.947	0.939	3.968
Pseudo-second-order
	qe	k2	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1	g mg^−1 min^−1	-	-	-
	57.163	0.00141	0.980	0.977	2.451
Intra-particle diffusion
	C	kp	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1	mg g^−1 min^−1/2	–	–	–
	8.222	4.793	0.916	0.904	4.995

Table 2. Biosorption isotherm modelling results.

Model	Parameter
Freundlich
	KF	nF	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1 (L mg^−1)^1/nF	–	–	–	–
	24.294	4.163	0.999	0.998	0.342
Langmuir
	qm	RL	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1	–	–	–	–
	59.867	0.113-0.277	0.989	0.978	1.090
Dubinin-Radushkevich
	qm	E	R^2	AdjR^2	RMSE
	mg g^−1	kJ mol^−1	–	–	–
	52.040	0.440	0.936	0.872	2.620

Table 3. Biosorption capacity comparison table.

Biosorbent	Biosorption capacity (mg g^−1)	References
Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer	59.867	Current study
Rhodococcus opacus	6.91	[26]
Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis	44.3	[42]
Parthenium hysteroporous bud and leaf powder	14.863	[43]
Sargassum carpophyllum residue	21.19	[44]
Carboxylated Sargassum carpophyllum residue	31.65	[44]
Caulerpa lentillifera residue	17.73	[44]
Carboxylated Caulerpa lentillifera residue	52.63	[44]
Papiliotrema huenov biomass	35.02	[45]
Aspergillus versicolor	22.9	[25]
Eucheuma spinosum	4.13	[46]
Sewage sludge loaded calcium alginate	31.04	[47]
Herpetocypris brevicaudata carapace loaded AXAD-4 resin	35.3	[48]
Alfalfa	13.62	[49]
Chopped grass pellets	15.22	[49]
Chopped grass	33.47	[49]
Bacillus cereus loaded magnetic ɣ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle	30.3	[50]

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during the study are included in the article.