Improvement of the simulation of the summer East Asian westerly jet from CMIP5 to CMIP6

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic information of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models used in this study

CMIP5 models				CMIP6 models
	Model ID	Affiliation and country	Resolution	Model ID	Affiliation and country	Resolution
1	BCC-CSM1-1	BCC, China	128 × 64	BCC-CSM2-MR	BCC, China	320 × 160
2	BCC-CSM1-1-m	BCC, China	128 × 64	BCC-ESM1	BCC, China	128 × 64
3	BNU-ESM	GCESS, China	128 × 64	CAMS-CSM1-0	CAMS, China	320 × 160
4	CESM1-CAM5	NCAR, USA	288 × 192	CanESM5	CCCma, Canada	128 × 64
5	CCSM4	NCAR, USA	288 × 192	CESM2	NCAR, USA	288 × 192
6	CanESM2	CCCma, Canada	128 × 64	CESM2-WACCM	NCAR, USA	288 × 192
7	CNRM-CM5	CNRM-CERFACS, France	256 × 128	CNRM-CM6-1	CNRM-CERFACS, France	256 × 128
8	CSIRO-Mk3-6-0	CSIRO-QCCCE, Australia	192 × 96	CNRM-ESM2-1	CNRM-CERFACS, France	256 × 128
9	FGOALS-g2	IAP, China	128 × 60	FGOALS-g3	IAP, China	180 × 80
10	FGOALS-s2	IAP, China	128 × 60	GFDL-ESM4	NOAA GFDL, USA	288 × 180
11	FIO-ESM	FIO, China	128 × 64	HadGEM3-GC31-LL	MOHC, UK	192 × 144
12	GFDL-CM3	NOAA GFDL, USA	144 × 90	IPSL-CM6A-LR	IPSL, France	144 × 143
13	GFDL-ESM2 G	NOAA GFDL, USA	144 × 90	MCM-UA-1-0	UA, USA	96 × 80
14	GFDL-ESM2 M	NOAA GFDL, USA	144 × 90	MIROC-ES2 L	MIROC, Japan	128 × 64
15	GISS-E2-H	NASA GISS, USA	144 × 90	MIROC6	MIROC, Japan	256 × 128
16	GISS-E2-R	NASA GISS, USA	144 × 90	MPI-ESM1-2-HR	MPI-M, Germany	384 × 192
17	HadGEM2-AO	MOHC, UK	192 × 145	MRI-ESM2-0	MRI, Japan	320 × 160
18	HadGEM2-CC	MOHC, UK	192 × 145	NESM3	NUIST, China	192 × 96
19	HadGEM2-ES	MOHC, UK	192 × 145	NorCPM1	NCC, Norway	144 × 96
20	IPSL-CM5A-LR	IPSL, France	96 × 96	NorESM2-LM	NCC, Norway	144 × 96
21	IPSL-CM5A-MR	IPSL, France	144 × 143	UKESM1-0-LL	MOHC, UK	192 × 144
22	MIROC-ESM-CHEM	MIROC, Japan	128 × 64
23	MIROC-ESM	MIROC, Japan	128 × 64
24	MIROC5	MIROC, Japan	256 × 128
25	MPI-ESM-LR	MPI-M, Germany	192 × 96
26	MPI-ESM-MR	MPI-M, Germany	192 × 96
27	MRI-CGCM3	MRI, Japan	320 × 160
28	NorESM1-ME	NCC, Norway	144 × 96
29	NorESM1-M	NCC, Norway	144 × 96

Figure 1. The summer mean U200 in NCEP reanalysis, the CMIP6 MME, and the individual models averaged over 1986–2005. Shading depicts region with U200 exceeding 25 m s^–1. Units: m s^–1

Figure 2. (a) Taylor diagram of U200 over (20°–60°N, 60°–180°E) between the NCEP Reanalysis data and CMIP5 (blue) and CMIP6 (red) model outputs during the period of 1986–2005. The solid line indicates the root-mean-square error; the dashed line indicates the normalized standard deviation; the dot line indicates the correlation coefficient of 0.6 and 0.9. (b) The CMIP5 MME summer U200 bias (shading) and the inter-model standard deviation of biases (contour lines). Units: m s^–1. (c) As in (b), but for the CMIP6 MME

Figure 3. (a) Climatological locations of the summer EAJ’s core in 29 CMIP5 models (red triangles), the MME (blue multiplication sign), and the observation (blue cross), where U200 is maximum over the domain (20°–60°N, 60°–180°E). Sizes of triangles depict numbers of models. (b) As in (a), but for the CMIP6 models. (c) Boxplot of EAJ-intensity indices. Black line in box indicates the median, the black multiplication sign indicates the MME, and black dots indicate the individual models. The observed value in the NCEP reanalysis is given in top-right corner. Units: m s^–1

Figure 4. (a) Boxplot of the interannual variability in EAJ’s meridional displacement, which is depicted by standard deviation, in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, respectively (Units: m s^–1). Black line in box indicates the median, the black multiplication sign indicates the MME, and black dots indicate the individual models. The observed value is given in top-right corner. (b) The summer precipitation regressed onto the standardized EAJ meridional displacement index in the observation (Units: mm d^–1). The contour lines indicate the regression coefficient, with the interval being 0.2, and the values significant at the 0.05 level are shaded (yellow, negative; blue, positive). The parallelogram indicates the region used to define the EASRI. (c) As in (b), but for the CMIP5 MME. (d) As in (b), but for the CMIP6 MME. (e) As in (a), but for the correlation coefficients between the EAJ meridional displacement index and the EASRI