The future of the sustainable green architecture through technology

Figures & data

Figure 1. Benefits of BIM.

Figure 2. Stages of design to implementation [12].

Figure 3. The relation between green and sustainable building [13].

Figure 4. Design team, integrated Method = BIMCan achieved by BIM system in all phases [15] (Author).

Figure 5. The relation between BIM and sustainable green architecture [16].

Figure 6. Steps for carrying out green BIM.

Table 1. Energy efficiency can be evaluated by using BIM in design process [17].

	Green building	Regular building
Construction Cost	+5% to 30% = 105,000–130,000$	100,000$
Energy cost	Go down 30–40%	100%
After 15 years	10% overall cost saving	0%cost saving
After 40 years	20%overall cost saving	Energy cost > construction costs

Table 2. Day lighting analysis [17,23].

Analysis Type	Description
Illuminance Analysis	Full custom control over date, time, threshold, and analysis plane height
LEED v4 EQc7 opt1	Automated settings for LEED v4 EQc7 opt1 (sDA & ASE) settings
Solar Access	Customizable hours of sun study

Table 3. Solar analysis [17,24].

Analysis Type	Description
Solar Energy –Annual PV	Annual simulation for determining PV energy production estimates
Custom	Customizable simulation for general solar insolation studies

Figure 7. Analysis the Building Information Modeling (BIM).

Figure 8. Grand Egyptian Museum layout [31].

Table 4. Examples of applying BIM on projects.

Grand Egyptian Museum
Company: Besix – Orascom Architect: Henegan peng Year of the project:2012 Area:471,000 m2(Figure 8).
BIM Work Strategy Use of BIM in project design 1-Start the BIM model from the tender drawings and send all the RFI to the consultant to solve the design problems(Figure 9). 2-Detect the clashes between architecture, structure and MEP models. -Define CDE and team responsibilities. -Update the:OD of BIM model and coordination drawings. -Make workshop drawings with all details to serve the construction site. -Use Digital fabrication & maintenance strategy [26] Criteria for assessing BIM in project design: 1. Beginning of site and project data collection. 2. Phases of implementing BIM in the project 3. The guiding program followed
BIM Software(Figure 10). Revit Architecture Revit structure Revit MEP Tekla STAAD Navisworks Inventor [27]
Sustainable treatments The use of local building materials, which is reflected in the emphasis on using stones and bricks or alabaster as a cladding material, the selection of the beige and yellow sand color of the desert added to the harmony between the proposed building and its site, and promote the preservation of the ecological balance in that sensitive location (Figure 11). [27]
Environmental Control The reduction of the thermal load inside the building is of particular concern, as well as the control of natural lighting and the prevention of direct sun rays from reaching the displayed objects. To ensure a process of assessment of the possible impact due to the implementation of the museum structure, - The Control of solar radiation; The Control of Natural Cooling, Reduction of Internal Gains; Passive Climatic Control(Figure 12).
The Control of Solar Radiation One of the most efficient ways of avoiding solar irradiation of the external walls of a building can be provided by the use of permanent or mobile screens or light protection structures or by well designed vegetation. These mobile shading devices may help to resolve problems of overheating(Figure 13). The museum structure is placed almost completely underground and is signaled by the three structures that emerge from the desert and form a system of panoramic reference points.
Internal Heat Gain Natural lighting through double height spaces is used as a basic concept for the project. Natural ventilating systems such as wind catchers provided by double height spaces together with sun-shading devices are used with updated technology. (Figure 14). [27]
Natural Cooling: A system has been planned utilizing de-central air conditioning units placed in the mounting of the gems to avoid long supply distances.The fresh outside air is conditioned and supplied through ducts in the double wall to each level.The thermal mass of the building structure is utilized for radiant and connective cooling. It is planned to integrate water-cooling tubes into the concrete structure of the ceilings. (Figure 15).
Using BIM in project design: -Stages of (planning – design – implementation – operation) -Points used: Determine how to manage the information and set policies the work. -Points not used: Determine the required information for the area -Responsible for management. -Final rate of project evaluation in BIM: 64% -Difficulty in collaboration with traditional CAD technical office -BIM software needed more updated computer hardware. -shop drawing revision was so hard because of complex geometries. -interoperability issues between subcontractors. -BIM standards are not available yet
New Alamein city-Egypt
Company: ARAB CONTRACTORS Location: Al Alamein, Egypt Year of the project: 2016 (Figure 16)
BIM Software (Figure 17) Revit Architecture Revit structure Revit MEP Tekla STAAD Navisworks Inventor
BIM Work Strategy - Documentation of all project documents using 360BIM -Coordination all graphics of the same specialty and model work using the REVIEW -Integration of all models from all disciplines and multi-disciplinary project work using REVIEW -Detection of cross-disciplinary engagement using Navisworks -Create a default timeline and show mode using Navisworks -Make costing by Primavera and Navisworks(Figure 18, 19) -Coordination of all projects using Infra works 360 (Figure 20) Infra Works 360 Coordination between projects in a virtual environment. Draw networks (drainage – water and irrigation networks) with the upside down level in drawings and check errors Draw roads and determine the quantities of excavation and fill
-Coordination between projects in a virtual environment. -Draw grids (drainage- water and irrigation systems) at the inverted level of graphics and check errors. -Drawing roads and determining the quantities of drilling and filling
Results of using BIM technology in the city of Al-Alamain (Figure 21). -Promote collaboration among project stakeholders -Enhance coordination and integration of graphics -Reduce time and costs -Facilitate the explanation of the project implementation statement

Figure 9. Grand Egyptian Museum layout [31].

Figure 10. BIM stage in Grand Egyptian Museum layout [32].

Figure 11. Use BIM in project design [27].

Figure 12. The use of alabaster as a cladding material scheme [33].

Figure 13. Environmental analysis for Grand Egyptian Museum [33].

Figure 14. Use of artificial lighting in the exhibition spaces and constrains the reach of natural light to the interior [33].

Figure 15. Example of an integrated passive system [28].

Figure 16. Surfaces of the gems is utilized to create a high thermal comfort for visitors by reflecting the thermal IR radiation of the cooled ceiling and cold-water surfaces [28].

Figure 17. The military hotel/AlAmein [34].

Figure 18. Navisworks (4D simulation-The military hotel/Alamein)[34].

Figure 19. BIM 360 Doc [34].

Figure 20. BIM 360 Doc (3D Arch.walk Through view-The miltary Hotel/AlAmein) [34].

Figure 21. BIM Community evaluate the project[33]

Figure 22. The Role of BIM to Sustainable Green Building.

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