Adolescent religiosity and attitudes to HIV and AIDS in Ghana

Figures & data

Table 1. Tribe, gender and religion

			Gender				Religion
			Female		Male		Christian		Muslim		Traditional
Tribe (ethnicity)	Total %		F	F%	M	M%	F	M	F	M	F	M
Akan	364	81.3	196	43.8	168	37.5	193	163	3	5	0	0
Dagarti	19	4.2	10	2.2	9	2.0	9	8	1	0	0	1
Dagomba	3	0.7	0	0.0	3	0.7	0	2	0	1	0	0
Ewe	15	3.3	9	2.0	6	1.3	9	5	0	0	0	1
Frafra	5	1.1	2	0.4	3	0.7	2	1	0	2	0	0
Fulani	1	0.2	1	0.0	1	0.2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Ga	7	1.6	3	0.7	4	0.9	3	4	0	0	0	0
Gonja	1	0.2	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Grushi	2	0.4	0	0.0	2	0.4	0	2	0	0	0	0
Hausa	11	2.5	7	1.6	4	0.9	0	0	7	4	0	0
Kotokori	1	0.2	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Krobo	1	0.2	1	0.2	0	0.0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Kusasi	2	0.4	0	0.0	2	0.4	0	2	0	0	0	0
Moussi	1	0.2	1	0.2	0	0.0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Nzema	13	2.9	7	1.6	6	1.3	7	5	0	1	0	0
Sisala	1	0.2	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Talensi	1	0.2	1	0.2	0	0.0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Total	448	100.0	237	52.9	211	47.1	225	192	12	17	0	2

Table 2. Factors generated (after factor analysis)

Attitudes	Attitudes (beliefs)	Religiosity
Drugs inject	Tolerance	Attachment
Teen abstinence	Acceptance	Involvement
HIV threat		Cognitive
Protection		Coping
Peer pressure		Intensity
Responsibility		Confidence (in scripture)
Using condom

Table 3. Summary of all variables entered in for regression analysis

Attitudes	Knowledge	Religiosity	Others
Drugs inject	Confidence in knowledge	Attachment	Gender
Teen abstinence	Knowledge	Involvement	Age
HIV threat		Cognitive
Protection		Coping
Peer pressure		Intensity
Responsibility		Confidence (in scripture)
Using condom
Tolerance (belief)
Acceptance (belief)

Table 4. Adjusted R ² values of response variables

	Respective attitudinal (response) variables	Highest adjusted R ^2
1	Teen abstinence	0.20
2	Tolerance	0.14
3	Protection	0.06
4	Acceptance	0.05
5	Drugs inject	0.04
6	Peer pressure	0.03
7	Responsibility	0.02
8	Using condoms	0.02
9	HIV threat	0.02

Fig. 1. Best model: teen abstinence.

Table 5. Final regression model of teen abstinence (regression parameters)

	Estimate	Std. error	t-Value	Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)	0.10	0.063	1.520	0.129
Attachment	0.46	0.047	9.929	<2e−16***
Confidence in scripture	0.28	0.065	4.278	2.31e−05***
Coping	0.17	0.045	3.786	0.00018***
Intensity	0.25	0.045	5.451	8.35e−08***
Gender [T.M]	−0.21	0.092	−2.235	0.0259*
Notes: Multiple R ^2: 0.1973, adjusted R ^2: 0.1882. F-statistic: 21.68 on 5 and 441 DF, p-value: <2.2e−16.

Fig. 2. Diagnostic graphs: teen abstinence model.

Fig. 3. Effect plots of predictors of teen abstinence: strength of predictors.

Fig. 4. Gender effect: teen abstinence.

Fig. 5. Best model: tolerance.

Table 6. A regression model of tolerance (parameters)

	Estimate	Std. error	t-Value	Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)	−1.91	0.27	−7.11	4.69e−12***
Attachment	0.08	0.03	2.55	0.01105*
Confidence in scripture	0.12	0.05	2.62	0.00917**
Confidence in HIV knowledge	0.04	0.00	7.17	3.07e−12***
Involvement	0.08	0.04	2.158	0.03144*
Notes: Multiple R ^2: 0.1422, adjusted R ^2: 0.1345. F-statistic: 18.37 on 4 and 443 DF, p-value: 5.646e−1.

Fig. 6. Diagnostic graphs: tolerance.

Fig. 7. Effect plots of predictors of tolerance.

Fig. 8. Best model: protection.

Table 7. A regression model of protection (parameters)

	Estimate	Std. error	t-Value	Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)	−1.74	0.35	−5.01	7.99e−07**
Attachment	−0.09	0.04	−2.09	0.0375*
Confidence in HIV knowledge	0.03	0.01	5.05	6.33e−07***
Coping	−0.11	0.04	−2.52	0.0121*
Notes: Multiple R ^2: 0.06559, adjusted R ^2: 0.05926. F-statistic: 10.37 on 3 and 443 DF, p-value: 1.323e−06.

Fig. 9. Diagnostic graphs: protection model.

Fig. 10. Effect plots of predictors of protection.