Achievement of interventions on HIV infection prevention among migrants in China: A meta-analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of the records included in the meta-analysis.

First author	Published year	Region	Sample size (before/after)	Sex (male %)	Age (mean)	Unmarried (%)	Married (%)	Education (junior high school and below, %)	Intervention measures	Outcome indicators
He LP	2010	Hunan (Chenzhou)	210/151	100	38.75/39.24	18.1/16.5	80.0/82.8	8.22/8.63	Panels, posters, condoms, promotional material, knowledge contest	①
Tian Z	2015	Sichuan (Chengdu)	770/738	52.6/53.7	28/27			79.2/78.9	Panels, audiovisual products, promotional material, consults	②③④⑤
Cui YM	2012	Sichuan (Chengdu)	4072/415	55.4/61		12.6/20.6	72.1/75.2	80.1/82.8	Lecture, propaganda, knowledge contest	③
Fei LX	2008	Guangdong (Guangzhou)	1044/1044	15.61	19–39	82.95	11.02	24.39	Lecture, condom use demonstration	①③
Hu LX	2007	Zhejiang (Hangzhou)	298/280	72.48/76.43	30/30	56.71/58.21	41.28/39.64	30.9/36.4	Lecture, panels, consults, condoms, promotional material	①
Wang W	2010	Hebei	1361/1353	98.5/98.9	33.85/33.21	15.7/17.5	82.0/79.7	74.5/76.9	Lecture, panels, propaganda, peer education	③④⑤
Cai Y	2012	Jilin	600/829	93.7/94.8		16.7/19.8	80.6/77.2	89.1/87.5	Peer education, propaganda, consults, condoms, health education	⑤
Zhao CL	2015	Henan (Zhoukou)	865/812	98.6/98.9	35.1/34.8	38.7/38.4	56.5/56.7	77.8/78.1	Lecture, promotional material, panels, health education	②③
Xu H	2006	Hubei (Wuhan)	300/300	100	36.43 ± 10.1		71.5	80.9	Brochures, panels, CD, lecture, knowledge contest	①②
Guo HJ	2009	Jiangsu (Nanjing, Suzhou, Yan-gzhou, Changzhou)	815/728	85.52/83.10	29.6 ± 8.9/30.2 ± 10.0		Married or cohabiting	Junior high school	Self-study, lecture, posters, knowledge contest	①③
Wang YY	2008	Jiangxi (Jiujiang)	973/891						Lecture, propaganda	①
Huang BB	2015	Fujian (Quanzhou, Shishi)	2000/1973			52.4	38.3	85.9	Lecture, consults, propaganda, training, condoms, panels, DVD	②
Xie KP	2011	Xinjiang (Kuitun)	432/369	100	15–49		Married	85	Knowledge contest, propaganda, conversations, peer education, consults	②④⑤
Liang X	2015	Guangxi (Chongzuo)	452/412	64.8	36.7 ± 3.2	68.2	31.8	95.8	Promotional material, lecture	①
Zhong HB	2006	Guangdong (Shantou)	277/242	46.21/46.3	16–58				Brochures, propaganda column, consults, video	①
Li XN	2006	Jiangsu (Wuxi)	767/697	100	26	56.8		68.6	Pamphlets, self-study, lecture, consults comprehensive intervention	①
Peng MY	2015	Guangdong (Guangzhou)	512	0		98.2	1.8	22.1	Propaganda, CD, lecture, message	②③
Hou LY	2011	Shandong (Qiangdao)	861/806	0	22.0 ± 2.8/22.0 ± 2.5	100		58.3/56.1	Pamphlets, condoms, lecture, training, video, hotline	②
Xu L	2011	Shanghai (Nanhui)	657/657	90.4	38.9 ± 10.1	12	84.2	83.57	Pamphlets, posters, panels, DVD, interview	①③
Tian ZY	2010	Jiangsu (Nanjing)	301/235	94.35	36.82 ± 10.02	18.27	73.42	78.1	Lecture, posters	①③
Peng YL	2008	Jiangsu (Nanjing)	1168/1145	46.7/42.6	17–63	15.07/12.14	72.86/71.79	73.0/71.7	Propaganda, lecture, knowledge contest, consults	①③
Zhou QY	2011	Gansu (Tianshui)	345/374	61.16/64.44	25–45	19.42/20.85	80.58/79.15	72.46/73.26	Promotional material, TV, condoms	②
Ma SM	2015	Shanghai (Xuhui)	116/80	Male	20–55				Peer education, lecture, propaganda	②
Zhang HM	2011	Shanghai (Minxing)	400/400	female	15–49				Promotional material, video, consults	①
Hou CH	2016	Guangdong (Shenzhen)	607/616	76.9/81.2	28.7/29.8	56.3/58.4	42.2/40.7	38.1/43.3	Condoms, propaganda, game, knowledge quiz, topic discussion, meeting	①③
Zhou JB	2009	Anhui (Hefei)	943/671	93.85/94.49	35.1/38.4	26.62/17.73	66.49/80.03	82.93/87.33	Propaganda, peer education, condoms, consults	①③
Xia J	2009	Anhui (Tongling)	309/487	93.2/86.0	39.2 ± 9.3/40.7 ± 8.9	7.4/5.3	90.9/94.7	90.6/93	Health education	②④
Xu XY	2006	Zhejiang (Yoangkang)	601/558	53.7/53.4	17–51	58.9/54.3		58.5/56.6	Promotional material, knowledge contest, training, consults	③⑤
Zhang LH	2014	Hubei (Wuhan)	675/479	77.2	37.4 ± 9.8		82.8	72.4	Pamphlets, lecture	②③④⑤
Ni HN	2014	Zhejiang (Taizhou)	800/806	70.50/71.34		23.50/21.84	70.37/72.95	35.87/35.98	Promotional material	②④⑤
Zeng Y	2008	Chongqing (Yuzhong)	650/614	76/80	16–76	10/10.6	84.4/83.8	85.1/83.0	Promotional material, panels, video, consults, peer education, knowledge contest	②④⑤
Du JX	2011	Chongqing (Nanan)	606/600	85.31/85.67	20–50 of 85.81/87.84	11.39/8.67	84.32/85.50	82.84/84.33	Lecture, peer education, picture posters, condoms, advertising video	②④⑤
Wei JT	2010	Henan (Xihua, Weishi)	380/375	—	25–40 of 58.2/57.1	38.4/33.9	54.0/57.3	51.8/50.4	Lecture, pamphlets, peer education	⑤
Xiao Q	2008	Beijing	3020/3165	30/30.02	16–40 of 90	50	—	60	Peer education, brochures, panels, lectures, knowledge contest	⑤
Yang GT	2007	Shanxi (Jincheng)	200/200	100	20–60 of 86.27	6.86	93.14	74.51	Knowledge contest, educational film, condoms	①③④⑤
Liu XR	2010	Tianjin (Jixian)	345/367	100/100	20–40 of 68.4/71.66	20.29/15.53	71.01/76.84	84.35/88.01	Lecture, promotional material, posters, consults, peer education	①

Note: ①: sexual transmission of HIV; ②: condom use for HIV prevention; ③: changing attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients; ④: incidence of commercial sexual behaviors; ⑤: recent condom use during sex.

Fig 1. The QUOROM statement flowchart for study selection.

Table 2. Comprehensive quantitative analysis results of the indicators.

Outcome	Number of records	Z-value	OR (95% CI)	I²
① Sexual transmission of HIV	17	6.86	3.00 (2.19–4.10)	0.92
② Condom use for HIV prevention	15	7.44	4.82 (3.19–7.30)	0.96
③ Changing attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients	15	7.51	2.97 (2.23–3.94)	0.95
④ Incidence of commercial sexual behavior	10	2.40	0.57 (0.36–0.90)	0.93
⑤ Recent condom use during sex	12	5.14	4.20 (2.43–7.26)	0.98

Table 3 Subgroup-stratified analysis of indicators.

Outcome	Type	Group	K	Homogeneity test		Estimation of effectiveness
				χ^2	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Sexual transmission of HIV
	Baseline rate	<60%	4	100.03	.000	2.76 (1.35–5.62)	.005
		60%–80%	6	104.54	.000	4.78 (2.16–10.55)	.000
		>80%	7	8.56	.20	2.35 (1.91–2.88)	.000
	Time (month)	<3	5	85.97	.000	2.83 (1.55–5.18)	.001
		3–6	7	116.74	.000	3.77 (1.89–7.50)	.0002
		>6	2	2.63	.1	2.40 (1.54–3.75)	.000
	Peer education	Yes	2	22.45	.000	7.42 (0.89–61.87)	.06
		No	15	165.21	.000	2.67 (1.97–3.61)	.000
	District	East	11	30.64	.0007	1.89 (1.57–2.27)	.000
		Central	5	24.65	.0001	7.68 (4.33–13.63)	.000
		West	1			5.07 (3.66–7.01)	.000
	Junior high school and below	<50%	4	19.30	.000	2.73 (1.60–4.68)	.000
		50%–80%	2	19.49	.000	5.04 (0.33–77.30)	.25
		>80%	4	80.01	.000	4.13 (1.29–13.25)	.02
Use of condoms for HIV prevention
	Baseline rate	<60%	8	189.00	.000	6.06 (3.52–10.41)	.000
		60%–80%	3	109.86	.000	5.19 (1.54–17.46)	.008
		>80%	4	13.07	.004	2.79 (1.57–4.97)	.001
	Time (month)	<3	2	8.81	.003	4.25 (1.61–11.26)	.004
		3–6	3	48.84	.000	7.70 (3.03–19.59)	.000
		>6	3	0.67	.71	2.37 (2.05–2.74)	.000
	Peer education	Yes	4	93.44	.000	3.66 (1.46–9.15)	.005
		No	11	289.62	.000	5.29 (3.21–8.73)	.000
	District	East	6	183.26	.000	3.60 (1.53–8.47)	.003
		Central	4	33.83	.000	6.70 (3.61–12.45)	.000
		West	5	112.26	.000	5.08 (2.67–9.67)	.000
	Junior high school and below	<50%	3	12.00	.002	3.15 (1.62–6.13)	.000
		50%–80%	5	68.57	.000	8.67 (4.81–15.63)	.000
		>80%	6	146.93	.000	4.13 (2.34–7.27)	.000
Changing attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients
	Baseline rate	<50%	8	133.89	.000	3.17 (2.24–4.49)	.000
		≥50%	7	108.86	.000	2.76 (1.64–4.64)	.000
	Time (month)	<3	4	62.04	.000	2.39 (1.42–4.02)	.001
		3–6	7	29.26	.000	2.73 (2.15–3.46)	.000
		>6	2	31.47	.000	1.97 (0.85–4.58)	.11
	Peer education	Yes	2	0.71	.40	2.35 (1.99–2.77)	.000
		No	13	254.36	.000	3.11 (2.22–4.34)	.000
	District	East	9	126.95	.000	2.30 (1.66–3.18)	.000
		Central	4	80.36	.000	4.56 (2.05–10.14)	.000
		West	2	16.05	.000	4.21 (1.57–11.28)	.004
	Junior high school and below	<50%	3	50.06	.002	3.33 (1.48–7.52)	.004
		50%–80%	8	132.79	.000	2.91 (1.91–4.43)	.000
		>80%	3	19.39	.000	3.78 (2.30–6.21)	.000
Incidence of commercial sexual behavior
	Baseline rate	<10%	5	14.55	.006	0.95 (0.58–1.54)	.83
		≥10%	5	74.85	.000	0.39 (0.21–0.72)	.003
	Time (month)	<3	1			0.94 (0.74–1.21)	.65
		3–6	5	43.53	.000	0.28 (0.15–0.53)	.000
		>6	3	3.50	.17	1.29 (0.90–1.86)	.16
	Peer education	Yes	5	93.06	.000	0.56 (0.23–1.36)	.20
		No	5	23.70	.000	0.63 (0.39–1.01)	.05
	District	East	2	15.42	.000	0.72 (0.27–1.93)	.51
		Central	4	42.87	.000	0.24 (0.08–0.66)	.006
		West	4	8.67	.03	1.05 (0.73–1.49)	.80
	Junior high school and below	≤80%	5	31.03	.000	0.64 (0.43–0.96)	.03
		>80%	5	94.95	.000	0.47 (0.14–1.57)	.22
The recent condoms use during sex
	Baseline rate	<20%	2	96.20	.000	15.99 (1.05–244.00)	.05
		20%–40%	5	321.68	.000	2.85 (1.14–7.08)	.02
		>40%	5	39.66	.000	3.63 (2.52–5.24)	.000
	Time (month)	<3	1			2.74 (1.82–4.14)	0.000
		3–6	5	207.17	.000	3.10 (1.55–6.20)	.001
		>6	5	319.73	.000	7.00 (2.33–21.02)	.0005
	Peer education	Yes	7	480.80	.000	4.31 (2.06–8.99)	.20
		No	5	136.73	.000	4.06 (1.81–9.10)	.0007
	District	East	5	635.76	.000	5.90 (1.92–18.14)	.002
		Central	3	5.89	.05	3.85 (2.70–5.48)	.000
		West	4	29.65	.000	2.87 (1.81–4.55)	.000
	Junior high school and below	≤80%	8	427.50	.000	3.46 (1.84–6.51)	.000
		>80%	4	219.34	.000	6.23 (1.77–21.94)	.004

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