The Protective Role of Early Prosocial Behaviours Against Young Turkish Children’s Later Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

ABSTRACT

This study examined the protective roles of early prosocial behaviours (at age 4) on later internalizing and externalizing problems (at age 6) and to what extent emotion regulation skills (at age 5) mediated these longitudinal associations in children from Turkey.  Participants were 293 Turkish preschool children (M_age = 49.01 months; 141 girls). Results showed that higher prosocial behaviours at age 4 were linked to higher emotion regulation at age 5, which, in turn, was linked to less internalizing problems at age 6. Additionally, prosocial behaviours at age 4 were negatively linked to emotional lability at age 5, which, in turn, was positively linked to externalizing problems at age 6. We also found that higher prosocial behaviours at age 4 were directly and negatively linked to both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 6. These results were robust for boys and girls and children who lived in big and small cities. Overall, there was supportive evidence on the protective roles of earlier prosocial behaviours on later internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings extend existing models of risk and resilience to a sample of children from a non-Western, relatively collectivist-oriented culture and inform our understanding of these posited relations in young children.

KEYWORDS:

• Prosocial behaviour
• emotion regulation
• internalizing problems
• externalizing problems
• culture

Data Availability Statement

The data that we used in this study are not publicly available due to privacy and ethical restrictions. However, the data will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by a research grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey – TUBITAK [SOBAG 104K068] to Dr. Asiye Kumru.