An introduction to implementation evaluation of school-based interventions

Figures & data

Table 1. Implementation outcomes based on Proctor et al. (2011) with examples from the school context.

Outcome	Definition	Example
Acceptability	The stakeholders’ satisfaction with different parts of an intervention	Students’ and teachers’ approval of an intervention’s content and structure
Adoption	The use or uptake of an intervention by an organization	A school’s decision to start implementing a new intervention
Appropriateness	The perceived compatibility of an intervention with a particular setting or stakeholder	Teachers’ perceived relevance of an intervention for tackling a particular problem at their school
Cost	An intervention’s implementation costs that can vary depending on implementation strategies and different settings	The costs of implementing an intervention in schools with varying infrastructure
Feasibility	The extent to which an intervention is applicable during the everyday operations of an organization	Teachers’ resources (e.g., time) to participate in an intervention
Fidelity	The degree to which facilitators deliver an intervention as it has been initially designed	The degree to which school psychologists facilitate an intervention as described in an intervention manual
Penetration	The reach of an intervention within a service setting	The rate of schools that are implementing an intervention within a school district
Sustainability	The extent to which an intervention is institutionalized within an organization	The continuation of an intervention in schools beyond its piloting phase

Proctor, E., Silmere, H., Raghavan, R., Hovmand, P., Aarons, G., Bunger, A., Griffey, R., & Hensley, M. (2011). Outcomes for implementation research: Conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7

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