Adolescents’ food intake changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of pre-pandemic susceptibility, COVID-19 related stressors, and the social food context

Figures & data

Table 1. Unstandardized Estimates of Mixed-Effects Models for the Intake of SSBs, Sweet Snacks, Savoury Snacks, and Fruit and Vegetables (N = 691).

SSBs

Sweet snacks

Savoury snacks

Fruit and vegetables

Total

Home

Outside Home

Total

Home

Outside Home

Total

Home

Outside Home

Total

Home

Outside Home

Model H1

Pre-pandemic vs. lockdown (H1a)

−0.59 [−0.53]

0.17

−0.78 [−0.81]

−0.83

0.66 [0.24]

−1.51 [−1.42]

−0.29 [−0.34]

0.06

−0.36 [−0.34]

−1.66 [−1.52]

−0.59 [−0.41]

−1.11 [−0.97]

Pre-pandemic vs. follow-up (H1b)

−0.08

−0.03

−0.09

−0.26

0.19

−0.46

−0.09

−0.09

−0.01

−1.50 [−1.30]

−0.62 [−0.48]

−0.92 [−0.71]

Model H2.1

H1a X zBMI

−0.27

−0.32

0.06

0.26

−0.02

0.29

0.02

−0.03

0.06

−0.03

−0.19

0.15

H1b X zBMI

<0.01

−0.14

0.15

0.40

0.18

0.22

0.01

<0.01

0.02

−0.30

−0.22

−0.08

H1a X food addiction

0.02

0.08

−0.06

−0.23

−0.05

−0.18

−0.03

<0.01

−0.04

0.03

0.13

−0.11

H1b X food addiction

−0.04

0.04

−0.08

−0.18

−0.04

−0.14

−0.04

<0.01

−0.04

0.05

0.12

−0.08

Model H2.2

H1a X life events

0.13

0.09

0.02

−0.02

0.03

−0.05

0.19

0.11

0.09

−0.26

−0.30

0.05

H1b X life events

0.66 [0.42]

0.27

0.39 [0.33]

0.44

0.05

0.39

0.15

0.06

0.10

−0.10

−0.17

0.08

H1a X worries

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.09

−0.08

0.17

0.02

0.01

0.01

−0.06

−0.11

0.05

H1b X worries

−0.07

−0.08

0.01

0.05

−0.06

0.11

0.06

0.02

0.03

−0.04

−0.06

0.02

Model H2.3

H1a X mothers’ intake

−0.09

−0.07

−0.02

−0.19

−0.09

−0.10

−0.18

−0.01

−0.15

0.13

0.10

0.03

H1b X mothers’ intake

0.06

−0.01

0.07

−0.09

−0.04

−0.06

−0.22

−0.19

<0.01

0.13

0.15 [0.12]

−0.01

H1a X friends’ intake

0.01

−0.02

0.03

0.01

0.02

−0.02

0.11

0.08

0.02

−0.08

−0.06

−0.04

H1b X friends’ intake

0.16

0.01

0.16

0.02

−0.01

0.03

0.13

0.03

0.08

−0.14

−0.11

−0.06

Statistically significant effects (corrected p-value < .004) are denoted in bold. Exact significance statistics are presented in Supplemental Tables S4 to S7. Sensitivity analyses for statistically significant effects are denoted between brackets (in bold if p-value < .004). SSBs = Sugar-sweetened beverages. zBMI = standardized Body Mass Index. All models are controlled for adolescents’ gender, educational level, and age.

Data availability statement

The data used for the current study are available upon request from the corresponding author.