Another Exception: The Jews of France

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Notes

Notes

1 Sometimes figures higher than 300,000 are cited for Jews in France before the Nazi occupation, but those may include refugees from Germany and countries previously invaded, many of whom were in transit and managed to emigrate.

2 To understand differing measurements for Jewish populations (especially the distinction between “core” and “enlarged Jewish populations”), consider Schmeltz and Della Pergola 557–558. Della Pergola is known for his low estimates, such as 5,280,000 for Jews in the U.S. The Encyclopaedia Judaica entry Della Pergola co-authored with Schmeltz puts the figure for French Jews at 494,000 (561); elsewhere, the same publication gives the figures 500,000 to 550,000 (Bensimon-Donath and Hannson 164).

3 I use the term “Muslim Arabs” to mean Muslims from Arab countries; of course, a large proportion of North African Muslims are ethnically not Arabs but rather Berbers.