Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-coated nanosystems as next-generation cancer therapies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the main modalities of cancer cell membrane-coated nanosystems (CCM-NS) applications in cancer management, namely cancer therapy, cancer imaging and cancer theranostics. The different modalities include cancer-targeted (A) drug delivery (e.g., chemotherapy); (B) multiantigenic cancer vaccine (antigen-exposing surface and combination with immunoadjuvants); (C) immunotherapy (loading or surface coupling of monoclonal antibodies); (D) phototherapy, either photothermal therapy (loading of heat-generating components) or photodynamic therapy (loading of ROS e-generating photosensitizers); (E) gene delivery (loading of nucleic acids); and (F) imaging, for enhanced cancer diagnostics and bioimaging. Different modality combinations expand the multifunctionality and impart additional therapeutic performance to CCM-coated nanosystems