Biodegradable and removable implants for controlled drug delivery and release application

Figures & data

Figure 1. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable implants for drug delivery to manage disease conditions in humans. The ocular and brain inserts are useful for the sustained drug release, while drug-loaded stents have been utilized for cardiac disease management. The drug-loaded implants have demonstrated birth control application and in orthopedic problems for pain management [14–17].

Table 1. Summary of research outcomes based on biodegradable implants.

Compositions	Preparation method	Outputs	Ref.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP)	AuNP incorporation in composite and pristine-based hydrogel matrix and mounting on the cell culture	AuNPs decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by its absorption in the hydrogel matrix	[23]
Paclitaxel	PLGA-based in situ implant was prepared.	In vitro drug released was sustained for up to 1 month	[24]
Demineralized bone matrix	Injectable scaffolds were prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)	Good cell viability in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Good degradability within a month (in vitro and in vivo)	[25]
Doxorubicin	pH-responsive hydrogel-based implant was prepared using laponite nano-disks along with drug to form aldehyde functionalized-PEG hydrogels	Good gelation properties and stability Biocompatibility and prolonged drug release profile.	[26]
Tantalum–titanium alloy	Tantalum–titanium alloy were 3D printed by directed energy deposition method	Good biocompatibility Early osteoid formation	[27]
Dexamethasone (Ozurdex)	PLGA-based intravitreal implants prepared by modified injection technique	Efficacy for 3–6 months Implant degradation by itself in the vitreous cavity	[28]
Bioresorbable stents (BRS)	BRS manufactured by laser cutting method using magnesium alloy and PLA	The use of polymer reduced the risk of stent-related thrombus formation	[29]
Dexamethasone	Polyurethane-based drug-eluting stents were prepared and studied for its shape memory effects	The implant showed promising recovery ratios, and the recovery time was nearly 6 s	[30]
Polycaprolactone–Polydimethyl Siloxane (PCL–PDMS)	Fibrous scaffolds were prepared for bone tissue regeneration using PCL–PDMS	Recovery time of 55 s Implants were biocompatible and led to osteoblast proliferation	[31]
Naproxen	Drug-loaded films were prepared by hydroxy propyl cellulose-g-polycaprolactone	Prolonged release for 60 days Satisfactory shape recovery	[32]

AuNP: gold nanoparticle; ROS: reactive oxygen species; PLGA: poly lactic-co-glycolic acid; PEG: polyethylene glycol; BRS: bioresorbable stent; PLA: poly lactic acid; PCL-PDMS: polycaprolactone-poly dimethyl siloxane.

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