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Abstract
In the three years since its inception, the Indian Premier League (IPL), a Twenty20 cricket tournament based in India, has become one of world sports' foremost properties. The IPL as of 2010 has a valuation of $4.13 billion and is the second highest paying league in the world. This article seeks to identify the factors that could be accounted for in the phenomenal growth of the IPL brand. While the IPL, in its short lifespan, has shown tremendous growth, the shortness of life span should be taken into account when passing a judgment on its ‘success’. Thus any conclusions drawn on the IPL's relative success will be gained in an interim rather than a definite sense. Cricket is immensely popular in India to the extent that other sports often receive only passing mention in the country. However, the popularity of cricket alone could not have made the IPL run. The success of any league, and not just the IPL, is dependent on the presence of a solid foundation. The article thus attempts to identify the extent to which the IPL is based on such a solid foundation.
Notes
1 CitationWarne, ‘It Was a Tough Decision to Leave Hampshire’.
2 CitationSchwartz, ‘The World's Hottest Sports League’.
3 CitationHughes, ‘Indian Premier League on the Horizon’.
4 CitationBurke, ‘Lalit Modi on Brink of Axe as IPL Controversy Gathers Momentum’.
5 ‘IPL Citation2nd Highest Paid League, Edges out EPL’.
6 CitationKitchin, ‘Twenty20 and English Domestic Cricket’.
7 CitationSmith, ‘Sport on TV: Cricket Makes a Heroic Pitch to be King of the Bouncy Castle’.
8 Kitchin, ‘Twenty20 and English Domestic Cricket’.
9 CitationRandall, ‘Twenty20 Bandwagon Ready to Roll’.
10 CitationBooth, ‘Stars Come Out as the Eyes of the Cricket World Switch to Bangalore’.
11 CitationTomlinson and Singh, ‘India's Twenty20 Cricket Imports Cheerleaders, Grabs UK Stars’.
13 CitationNarayanan, ‘Economy and Law of a Cricket League’.
14 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
15 CitationHopps, ‘Hats Off to Modi After his 48-hour Mission to Find IPL's New Home’.
16 CitationRao and Basu, ‘Modi All but Hanged Without Trial’.
17 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
18 CitationAssisi and Surendar, ‘Anil Ambani, Mallya in Race to Own T20 teams’.
19 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
20 CitationFort, Sports Economics.
21 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
22 CitationJackson, ‘The Week that Changed Cricket Forever’.
23 Fort, Sports Economics.
24 Assisi and Surendar, ‘Anil Ambani, Mallya in Race to Own T20 Teams’.
25 CitationChang and Bellman, ‘Collision Blocks Lanes at Indian Ports’.
26 CitationMantri, ‘Chief Mentor: Reinventing the wheel for India’.
28 CitationMehra, ‘The IPL is an Unscripted Soap Opera’.
29 CitationSandy, Sloane and Rosentraub, The Economics of Sport.
32 CitationSaxena and Hardy, ‘In the Big League’.
33 CitationDatta, ‘IPL Needs Fit and Proper Persons Tests’.
34 CitationRoss and Szymanski, Fans of the World Unite.
35 CitationNair-Ghaswalla, ‘Corporates Queue Up for Next IPL season’.
36 CitationNayadu, ‘All Not Lost Yet’.
37 Ross and Szymanski, Fans of the World Unite.
38 CitationJames, ‘Why Clubs May Risk Millions for Riches at the End of the Rainbow’.
39 Nayadu, ‘All Not Lost Yet’.
40 ‘Ten Teams for Citation2010 Champions League’.
41 DLF IPL T/ Citation 20 Ratings Scoreboard.
42 CitationBhaduri, ‘Devils Under Mumbai Cloud’.
43 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard.
44 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard
45 CitationNoll, ‘The Economics of Promotion and Relegation in Sports Leagues’.
46 Indian Premier League Citation 2007 /08/ Points Table.
48 CitationKesenne, The Economic Theory of Professional Team Sports.
49 CitationBriggs, ‘IPL Cricketers Will Earn as Much as Lampard’.
50 CitationMcRae, ‘Test Cricket Must go Day-night to Survive’.
51 Briggs, ‘IPL Cricketers Will Earn as Much as Lampard’.
52 Briggs, ‘IPL cricketers will earn as much as Lampard’
53 Times of India, February 21, 2008; ‘Bangalore get Misbah, Kohli in 2nd IPL Auction’. The Total Excludes the Signings of Australians Shaun Marsh, Luke Ronchi and Dominic Thornely that were Made After the Two Auctions Held in 2008. See Citation‘Shaun Marsh Joins Mohali’.
54 CitationNoll, ‘Professional Basketball: Economic and Business Perspectives’.
55 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
56 Times of India, February 21, 2008; ‘Bangalore get Misbah, Kohli in Citation2nd IPL Auction’.
57 CitationQuirk and Fort, Pay Dirt.
58 CitationCairns, Jennett and Sloane, ‘The Economics of Professional Team Sports’.
59 Sandy, Sloane and Rosentraub, The Economics of Sport.
60 Indian Premier League Citation 2007 /08 Results, Indian Premier League Citation 2007 /08/ Points Table.
61 Indian Premier League 2007/08/ Points Table.
62 CitationRao, ‘CSK Do Not Want Fresh Auction in IPL’.
63 CitationSzymanski, ‘Uncertainty of Outcome, Competitive Balance and the Theory of Team Sports’.
64 Times of India, February 21, 2008; ‘Bangalore Get Misbah, Kohli in 2nd IPL Auction’.
65 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard.
66 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard
67 Indian Premier League Citation 2007 /08/ Points Table.
68 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard.
69 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard
70 CitationRajesh, ‘Bangalore Fight Back to Clinch Thriller’.
71 DLF IPL T/20 Ratings Scoreboard.
72 ‘Sony Bags IPL Media Rights for $Citation1 Billion’.
73 IPL Franchise Prospectus.
74 CitationSzymanski, ‘Revenue Sharing’.
76 CitationKesenne, ‘Competitive Balance and Revenue Sharing’.
77 Schwartz, ‘The World's Hottest Sports League’.
78 CitationShankar, ‘BCCI to Compensate Franchises’.
79 ‘Revenue and Profits: IPL Season Citation1’.
80 ‘IPL Franchise Earnings for Citation2009’.
81 Schwartz, ‘The World's Hottest Sports League’.
82 CitationOzanian and Badenhausen, ‘The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams and Athletes’.
83 ‘N.F.L.’Citation94'.
84 CitationGoldstein, ‘George Steinbrenner Who Built Yankees into Powerhouse, Dies at 80’.
86 CitationVice, ‘South African Players Warned Over Rebel League’.
87 CitationHausman and Leonard, ‘Superstars in the National Basketball Association’.
88 CitationNaik, ‘IPL's Million Dollar Auction Today’.
89 CitationBasu, ‘Each Team Had Come With a Pre-determined Bid Strategy’.
90 Naik, ‘IPL's Million Dollar Auction Today’.
91 Basu, ‘Each Team Had Come With a Pre-determined Bid Strategy’.
92 Lucifora and Simmons, ‘Superstar Effects in Sports’.
93 CitationHughes, ‘Shopaholic Clubs Covet Gerrard’.
94 CitationRichards, ‘Cricket: The Latest Indian Export’.
97 CitationAlderson, ‘Bond Set to Cash in at IPL Auction’.
98 ‘Pollard, Bond, Roach Hottest Picks’.
99 CitationHoult, ‘South African Tyron Henderson Stunned by His $650,000 IPL Sale’.
100 CitationPremachandran, ‘Pietersen and Flintoff Claim Record IPL Prices After Bidding War’.
101 CitationDavid, ‘Cricket's Best Sold for Millions in India’.
103 CitationBasu, ‘Judge’.
105 ‘IPL 2nd Highest Paid League, Edges out EPL’.
106 ‘IPL 2nd highest paid league, edges out EPL’
107 CitationHarris, ‘Premier League Footballers Not the Richest on the Planet-Revealed’.
108 CitationSawer, ‘Premiership Stars are Poor Men of Sport’. John Terry was the highest paid player in the English Premier League at the time the paper was written. This is no longer the case.
109 ‘John Terry to Join Chelsea's Top Earners with £Citation151k–a-week deal’.
110 Kesavan, ‘India “Secures Future of Twenty 20”’.
111 Times of India, February 21, 2008.
112 ‘Players/Australia/Rickey Ponting’; Times of India, February 21, 2008.
113 CitationAdler, ‘Stardom and Talent’.
114 CitationPanja, ‘Real Madrid Leads Soccer Rich List for Fourth Straight Year’.
117 CitationDeloitte and Touche, ‘Football Money League’.
118 CitationKirschbaum, ‘Bayern Aim for Clean Sweep After Last Season's Failure’.
119 CitationRichards, ‘The Old Men Triumph in Game Build for Youth’.
120 ‘IPL 2nd Highest Paid League, Edges out EPL’.
121 CitationPremachandran, ‘Young Guns Humble Greats to Catch Selectors’ Eyes'.
122 CitationKidd, ‘Rajasthan Owe IPL Litle to Unsung Squad Players’.
123 CitationKidd, ‘Rajasthan owe IPL title to unsung squad players’
124 CitationKidd, ‘Rajasthan owe IPL title to unsung squad players’
125 CitationMontanaria, Silvestrib and Bfoc, ‘Performance and Individual Characteristics as Predictors of Pay Levels’.
126 CitationAgencies, ‘IPL Auction Changes Ishant's Life For Ever’; CitationBerry, ‘IPL Heralds Dawn of Cricket's Fourth Epoch’.
127 www.cricinfo.com
128 Times of India, February 21, 2008.
129 www.cricinfo.com
130 www.cricinfo.com
131 Times of India, February 21, 2008.
132 www.cricinfo.com
133 Srinivas and Vivek, IPL: Cricket and Commerce.
134 CitationRichards, ‘In the Big-ticket Indian Premier League, Frugal Rajasthan Wins All’.
135 CitationBurnes, ‘Deccan Steal IPL Show Amid the Glitz’.
138 CitationLanger, ‘Playing with Gilly was a Privilege’.
139 Times of India, February 21, 2008.
140 CitationHopkins, ‘Amazing Gilchrist Transforms Chargers’.
141 CitationRao, ‘IPL's New Nizams’.
142 Richards, ‘The Old Men Triumph in Game Build for Youth’.
144 Quirk and Fort, Pay Dirt.
145 CitationGlendenning, ‘In the Line of Fire’.