Ultra-high temperature ceramic composite

Figures & data

Table 1. Listing of the participants, projects, materials and techniques of the different programs.

Participants	Project	Year	Material
Anish Paul	DSTL & XMat	2008–2015	Mainly Cf-HfB2
Dhavanesam Ramachandran	XMat	2015–2016	Cf-ZrC
Andrea D’Angio	XMat	2014–2018	SiC–SiC
Matt Porter	XMat + AFRL	2016–ongoing	SiC–SiC
Ji Zhou	XMat	2014–ongoing	HfB2 & ZrB2
Virtudes Rubio	XMat + MBDA	2014–2016	Cf-HfB2
Prabhu Ramanujam	XMat/DSTL	2015–2017	Cf-HfB2
Virtudes Rubio	C3Harme	2016–2017	Cf-ZrB2
Will Hillman	XMat & C3Harme	2016–2018	Cf-ZrB2 & Cf-HfB2
Ben Baker	MBDA	2017–ongoing	Cf-ZrB2
Vinothini Venkatachalam	C3Harme	2018–ongoing	Cf-ZrB2
Tammana S R C Murthy	EREMOS	2018–ongoing	SiC-coated Cf-ZrC

Figure 1. Micro-CT images of C–C and Cf–UHTC composites after 60 s oxyacetylene torch test [17]. C-C carbon-carbon benchmark; Cf-ZrB₂ carbon fibre – ZrB₂; Cf-ZS20 carbon fibre-ZrB₂-20 vol.-% SiC; Cf-ZS20-1La carbon fibre-ZrB₂-20 vol.-%SiC-10 vol.-% LaB₆; Cf-HfB₂ carbon fibre-HfB₂; Cf-HfC carbon fibre-HfC.

Figure 2. (a) MBDA demonstrator part and (b) DSTL large panels manufactured with Cf-HfB₂ composite.

Table 2. Characteristics of OAT and OPT.

Characteristics	OAT	OPT	Comments
Torch type	Welding torch – premixed gases	Cutting torch – non premixed gases	Premixing improves flow homogeneity
Nozzle	Monoflame – ø 2–3 mm	Multiflame – ø7–8 mm	Nozzle diameter affects damage area
Flow ratio	1:1.35	1:5	Both flames are oxidising
Fuel flow	13.3 l min^−1	6 l min^−1
Oxygen flow	18.3 l min^−1	30 l min^−1
Heat flux at 10 mm from tip nozzle	∼17 MW m^−2	∼5.5 MW m^−2	The maximum heat flux for OPT (6.24 MW m^−2) is at 40 mm due to the gases not being premixed
Gas velocity at 10 mm from tip nozzle	0.60 ± 0.05 Mach ∼223 m s^−1	0.59 ± 0.03 Mach ∼203 m s^−1
Max. temperature at 10 mm from tip nozzle	∼2800°C	∼2500°C

Figure 3. (a) RF-CVI facility, (b) the C deposition distribution on a cylindrical plain 2.5D Cf preform after 2 h infiltration and (c) rectangular Cf preform heated uniformly by RF during CVI densification process.

Paul A, Venugopal S, Binner JGP, et al. UHTC–carbon fibre composites: preparation, oxyacetylene torch testing and characterisation. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2013;33:423–432. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.08.018

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