Value of goal predicts accolade courage: more evidence that courage is a taking a worthwhile risk

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample Demographics by Sample and Target (Caitlyn Jenner or Kim Davis).

		Undergraduate Sample		Online Sample
		Caitlyn Jenner	Kim Davis	Caitlyn Jenner	Kim Davis
Total		137	163	618	625
Gender
	Agender/genderfluid	0	0	2	3
	Female	93	109	271	275
	Male	44	52	179	193
	Blank or refused	0	2	166	154
Race
	Asian	8	11	38	25
	Black	13	12	26	36
	Hispanic	1	2	20	22
	Multiracial	4	3	16	18
	Other	0	0	3	3
	White	110	134	372	398
	Blank or refused	1	1	143	123
Age
	18–24			73	75
	25–34			214	225
	35–44			106	118
	45–54			54	42
	55–64			20	36
	65–74			10	7
	75–84			1	1
	Blank or refused			140	121
Education
	Some high school			3	1
	High school graduate			54	51
	Some college			130	136
	2-year degree			41	53
	4-year degree			193	191
	Professional degree			48	62
	Doctorate			9	10
	Blank or refused			140	121

Table 2. Means and standard deviations for all variables (all on a scale of 1–5) by Sample and Target Condition.

	Undergraduate Sample		Online Sample
Target	Caitlyn Jenner	Kim Davis	Caitlyn Jenner	Kim Davis
	n = 137	n = 163	n = 618	n = 625
Accolade Courage	3.3 (1.2)	3.3 (1.2)	3.6 (1.2)	2.7 (1.4)
Risk of Action	3.2 (0.9)	3.7 (0.7)	3.3 (1.0)	3.5 (1.2)
Value of Goal	2.9 (1.0)	2.9 (1.1)	3.2 (1.1)	2.1 (1.3)
Moral Traditionalism	3.1 (0.8)	3.3 (0.8)	2.6 (1.1)	2.6 (1.2)

Table 3. Zero-order correlations between all variables by Sample and Target.

Undergraduate Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 137)						Kim Davis (n = 163)
	Courage	Risk	Value	Traditionalism		Courage	Risk	Value	Traditionalism
Courage		.08	.75**	−.40**			.30**	.77**	.51**
Risk			−.01	−.10				.25	.34**
Value				−.55**					.58**
Traditionalism
Online Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 618)						Kim Davis (n = 625)
	Courage	Risk	Value	Traditionalism		Courage	Risk	Value	Traditionalism
Courage		.32**	.72**	−.44**			.44**	.72**	.59**
Risk			.23**	−.10				.38**	.31**
Value				−.54**					.72**
Traditionalism

**p < .01

Table 4. Regression of Risk of Action and Value of Goal on Accolade Courage by Sample and Target.

Undergraduate Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 137), Adjusted R^2 = .57**							Kim Davis (n = 163), Adjusted R^2 = .60**
	β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p			β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p
Constant	0.376	0.320		1.175	.242		Constant	0.364	0.303		1.203	.231
Risk of Action	0.117	0.077	0.086	1.519	.131		Risk of Action	0.187	0.080	0.119	2.333	.021
Value of Goal	0.886	0.067	0.752	13.310	<.001		Value of Goal	0.801	0.055	0.742	14.544	<.001
Online Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 618), Adjusted R^2 = .54**							Kim Davis (n = 625), Adjusted R^2 = .55**
	β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p			β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p
Constant	0.594	0.132		4.513	<.001		Constant	0.279	0.125		2.227	.026
Risk of Action	0.182	0.033	0.155	5.551	<.001		Risk of Action	0.235	0.036	0.190	6.565	<.001
Value of Goal	0.749	0.031	0.685	24.475	<.001		Value of Goal	0.736	0.033	0.652	22.541	<.001

**p < .001

Table 5. Regression of Risk of Action, Value of Goal, and Moral Traditionalism Values on Accolade Courage by Sample and Target.

Undergraduate Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 137), Adjusted R^2 = .56**									Kim Davis (n = 163), Adjusted R^2 = .60**
		β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p				β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p
Constant		0.094	0.578		0.162	.872			Constant	0.228	0.323		0.706	.481
Risk of Action		0.123	0.078	0.090	1.579	.117			Risk of Action	0.163	0.083	0.104	1.968	.051
Value of Goal		0.913	0.080	0.774	11.347	<.001			Value of Goal	0.759	0.065	0.703	11.621	<.001
Traditionalism		0.059	0.101	0.040	0.586	.559			Traditionalism	0.105	0.088	0.074	1.191	.236
Online Sample
Caitlyn Jenner (n = 618), Adjusted R^2 = .55**									Kim Davis (n = 625), Adjusted R^2 = .56**
		β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p				β	Std. Error	Standardized β	t	p
Constant	0.924		0.197		4.683	<.001			Constant	0.130	0.134		0.965	.335
Risk of Action	0.185		0.033	0.158	5.645	<.001			Risk of Action	0.229	0.036	0.185	6.409	<.001
Value of Goal	0.706		0.036	0.646	19.554	<.001			Value of Goal	0.645	0.045	0.571	14.436	<.001
Traditionalism	−0.077		0.034	−0.072	−2.241	.025			Traditionalism	0.141	0.048	0.114	2.967	.003

**p < .001