An empirical framework of control methods of victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation

Figures & data

Table 1. Frequencies of variables.

Control methods (or conditions)	N	%
Living at a place owned by criminal group	118	86.1
Does not speak Dutch	107	78.1
Accompanied to work	78	56.9
Does not speak German	62	45.3
Threats of physical abuse	61	44.5
Physical abuse	60	43.8
Hand over earnings	47	34.3
ID taken	43	31.4
Does not speak English	36	26.3
Leaves work accompanied	33	24.1
Lacks knowledge of own rights	32	23.4
Relationship	30	21.9
Fictive debts	28	20.4
Real debts	25	18.2
Psychological abuse	22	16.1
Limit contact others	19	13.9
Witness physical abuse	13	9.5
Threats pictures on Internet	12	8.8
Threats violence against family	9	6.6
Sexual abuse	9	6.6
Threats violence against child	5	3.6
Threats tell others	5	3.6
Presents	5	3.6

Figure 1. Two-dimensional smallest space analysis (SSA) plot of control methods (or conditions) with regional interpretation (coefficient of alienation = 0.24).

Table 2. Distribution of cases across Victim Role model control/offending styles.

Offending style	Number of cases
Victim as object	102 (74.4%)
Victim as person	12 (8.8%)
Victim as vehicle	3 (2.2%)
Victim as object – victim as person	8 (5.8%)
Non-classifiable	12 (8.8%)