Intrinsic vulnerability of the Isonzo/Soča high plain aquifer (NE Italy – W Slovenia)

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Geographical setting of the Isonzo/Soča River; (b) Geological map of the Isonzo/Soča High Plain and surroundings (redrawn from Buser, 1968; Carulli, 2006; Jurkovšek et al., 2016).

Figure 2. (a) the Isonzo/Soča river in its northern sector, where it flows over carbonate rocks (Kanal ob Soči, GO, SLO); (b) view of the High Plain (San Pier d’Isonzo, GO, ITA); (c,d) the Isonzo/Soča river in the High Plain and water monitoring (Poggio Terza Armata, GO, ITA); (e) pumping test at Turriaco (GO, ITA).

Figure 3. (a,b) Depth to groundwater map and relative ‘S’ scores; (c,d) Effective infiltration map and corresponding ‘I’ ratings; (e,f) Soil textures map and relative ‘T’ values.

Figure 4. (a) Scores for the attenuation action of the unsaturated zone (N); (b) Ratings related to the aquifer characteristics (A); (c) Scores for the hydraulic conductivity (C); (d) Ratings for the slope ranges (S).

Table 1. Scores of “N” (Unsaturated zone attenuation capacity) and “A” (Hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer) assigned to the different hydro-lithological levels.

Hydro-lithological level	N score	A score
Clay	1	1
Clay and/or silt	1.5	2
Clay and/or silt with sand or gravel	2	3
Clay with sand or gravel	2.5	4
Silt with sand or gravel	3	5
Sand with clay or silt	4	6
Soil	4	6
Silty sand	4.5	6.5
Flysch	5	4
Sand with clay and gravel	5	7
Sand with gravel and silt	5.5	7.5
Partially cemented gravel with clay	6	6
Gravel with clay and silt	6	8
Partially cemented gravel with sand	6.5	6.5
Sand	6.5	8.5
Partially cemented gravel	7	7.5
Gravel with clay and sand	7	8
Gravel with sand and clay	7.5	8
Gravel and sand	8	8.5
Gravel	8.5	9
Gravel with pebbles	9	9
Limestone	9	9

Figure 5. Hydrogeological and impact situations.

Table 2. Weight strings for the hydrogeological and impact situations identified.

Situation	S	I	N	T	A	C	S
Severe impact	5	5	4	5	3	2	2
Seepage	4	4	4	2	5	5	2
Fissured	3	3	3	4	4	5	4
Karstified	2	5	2	3	5	5	5

Figure 6. Hazard sources according to Civita and Zavatti (2006).

Figure 7. Land use classes according to Trevisan et al. (1998).

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