Geomorphic effects caused by heavy rainfall in southern Calabria (Italy) on 30 October–1 November 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location of southern Calabria (grey rectangle) and Sicily. The red square marks the limits of the study area. The main stream network (cf. blue lines) and toponyms mentioned in the text are also shown. Black triangles mark radar locations at Mt. Pettinascura and Mt. Lauro. Black squares show locations of Aspromonte massif and Serre mountain chain.

Figure 2. Cumulative frequency (%) of the extent of shallow landslides mobilized by the Autumn 2015 rainfall event in the study area.

Figure 3. Areal distribution of shallow landslides triggered by the Autumn 2015 event with respect to lithological classes (in grey, ratio of landslide area in a given lithotype to total landslide area, in %), and landslide indices for the same types of outcrops (in blue, ratio of landslide area in a given lithotype to total area of the same lithotype, in %). Key: (a) Alluvium, colluvium and residual soil; (b) Clay and clayey flysch; (c) Sand and silt; (d) Conglomerate and sandstone; (e) Evaporite rock; (f) Flysch; (g) Carbonate rock; (h) Argillite and low-grade metamorphic rock; (i) Igneous and medium-high grade metamorphic rock.

Figure 4. Areal distribution of shallow landslides triggered by the Autumn 2015 event with respect to slope classes (in grey), and landslide indices against the same slope classes (in blue). Values of areal distribution and indices are computed similarly to Figure 3.

Figure 5. Areal distribution of shallow landslides triggered by the Autumn 2015 event with respect to classes of $h_{\max }\left(24\right)$ (in grey), and landslide indices against the same $h_{\max }\left(24\right)$ classes (in blue). Values of areal distribution and indices are computed similarly to Figure 3.

Table 1. Summary of types of damage notices and ground effects surveyed in the study area (after Regione Calabria, 2015, mod.).

Gravitational processes	Number	Damage	Number
Landslide	134	Damage (generic)	185
		Road damage	2
Hydraulic processes	Number	Bridge failure/blockage	17 (+6 partial)
Flooding	74	Weir piping/damage	3
Erosion	36	Channel/Stream blockage	1 (+3 partial)
Debris deposition	38	Embankment break/piping/erosion	73
Lateral erosion	8	Pipeline break/blockage	8 (+1 partial)

Note: Partial blockages were due to debris deposition.

Table 2. Types of damage notices/ground effects surveyed in the study area (after Regione Calabria, 2015, mod.).

Type	Number
A = hydraulic processes	62
B = slope movements	121
C = damage/remedial works	203
A + C = hydraulic processes and damage/remedial works	63
B + C = slope movements and damage/remedial works	8
A + B = hydraulic processes and slope movements	4

Regione Calabria (2015). Rapporto di evento. Precipitazioni del 30 ottobre – 2 novembre 2015 [Event report – Rainfall of 30 October – 2 November 2015]. Catanzaro: UOA Civil Protection & Basin Authority.

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