Effects of a Fusarium toxin-contaminated triticale, either untreated or treated with sodium metabisulphite (Na₂S₂O₅, SBS), on weaned piglets with a special focus on liver function as determined by the ¹³C-methacetin breath test

Abstract

The aim of the present experiment was to test the effects of a wet preservation of triticale contaminated mainly with deoxynivalenol (DON) with sodium metabisulphite (Na₂S₂O₅, SBS) on growth performance, liver function, clinical-chemical plasma parameters and organ histopathology of piglets. For this purpose both the uncontaminated control triticale and the DON contaminated triticale were included in the piglet diet either untreated (CON, FUS) or SBS-treated (CON-SBS, FUS-SBS) and fed for 28 d starting from weaning. The dietary concentrations of DON and DON sulfonate (DONS), the DON derivative resulting from the SBS treatment, amounted to 0.156, 0.084, 2.312 and 0.275 mg DON per kg CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, and to <0.05, <0.05, <0.05 and 1.841 mg/kg diet, respectively. Feeding the FUS diet significantly reduced the feed intake compared to the other three groups as indicated by the significant interactions between triticale source and SBS treatment when the whole experimental period of 28 d was considered (p = 0.014) while live weight gain and feed to gain ratio remained unaffected. The total plasma protein concentration was significantly depressed due to feeding the contaminated diets whereas SBS treatment exerted an increasing effect at the same time (45.4, 49.5, 40.7 and 46.5 g/l for piglets fed the CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, respectively). The liver function was tested by the ¹³C-methacetin breath test (MBT) allowing evaluation of the cytochrome P4501A2 activity. MBT results, expressed as cumulative percentage dose recovery after 360 min (cPDR₃₆₀) revealed a slight stimulation of liver function due to SBS treatment (p = 0.052) (37.5, 39.4, 37.4 and 55.1% for piglets fed the CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, respectively). Liver weight and histopathological scoring were only weakly related to the MBT results. Further histopathological examinations of kidneys, pancreas and heart revealed no treatment effects. It was concluded that the SBS treatment of the contaminated triticale restored the performance of piglets to the level of the piglets fed the control diet while the effects on liver function, clinical-chemical plasma parameters – excepting the protein concentration – and organ histopathology were only marginal.

Keywords:

• deoxynivalenol
• deoxynivalenol-sulfonate
• piglet
• ¹³C-methacetin breath test
• histopathology

Acknowledgements

The assistance of the co-workers of the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the FLI, location Braunschweig, in performing the experiment and analyses is gratefully acknowledged.