Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Map of of four ECOMAR target sites.

Table I. Data on stations of ECOMAR cruises

Cruise No./ Station No.	Dive No.	Gear	Latitude start–end, N	Longitude, start–end, W	Depth start–end, m	Date
JC011/17	–	OTSB	49°14.68′ 49°03.43′	27°42.31′ 27°53.86′	2687–2727	21 Jul 2007
JC011/23	–	OTSB	48°54.59′ 49°15.85′	27°50.00′	2631–2724	22 Jul 2007
JC011/75	–	OTSB	53°51.10′ 54°06.02′	36°11.36′ 36°07.20′	2605–2630	5 Aug 2007
JC011/101	–	OTSB	54°06.33′ 53°47.47′	33°58.27′ 34°02.89′	2405–2435	10 Aug 2007
JC011/106	–	OTSB	54°05.68′ 53°46.94′	33°58.54′ 34°03.02′	2410–2445	11 Aug 2007
JC011/111	–	OTSB	54°05.68′ 53°47.71′	33°58.54′ 34°02.83′	2404–2430	12 Aug 2007
JC037/15	–	OTSB	48°58.73′ 49°11.14′	27°51.01′ 27°49.17′	2630	10 Aug 2009
JC037/19	–	OTSB	48°58.05′ 49°14.36′	27°51.60′ 27°49.29′	2750	10–11 Aug 2009
JC037/27	–	OTSB	48°57.34′ 49°13.55′	27°49.83′ 27°50.92′	2700	18 Aug 2009
JC037/61	–	OTSB	54°19.62′ 54°04.96′	36°00.87′ 36°07.98′	2618	28 Aug 2009
JC037/67	–	OTSB	54°19.50′ 54°06.55′	36°01.11′ 36°07.14′	2620–2676	28–29 Aug 2009
JC037/70	–	OTSB	54°19.23′ 54°03.65′	36°01.17′ 36°08.42′	2621–2630	29–30 Aug 2009
JC037/79	–	OTSB	54°03.60′ 53°57.69′	33°58.84′ 34°00.55′	2452	31 Aug–1 Sep 2009
JC048/3	158	ROV	52°23.46′ 52°23.24′	41°03.70′ 41°03.75′	3500	29 May 2010
JC048/6	159C**	ROV	53°58.77′	36°11.50′	2538	1 Jun 2010
JC048/15	161T*	ROV	53°57.86′ 53°59.19′	36°12.49′ 36°08.26′	2173–2500	5–6 Jun 2010
JC048/16	162C	ROV	53°59.39′	36°11.66′	2450–2272	6 Jun 2010
JC048/17	163C	ROV	53°59.39′	36°11.66′	2450	7 Jun 2010
JC048/22	–	Megacorer	54°00.65′	34°10.42′	2510	8 Jun 2010
JC048/24	165C	ROV	54°01.08′	34°09.46′	2501–2398	9–10 Jun 2010
JC048/26	167T	ROV	54°02.41′ 53°59.72′	34°08.45′ 34°11.51′	2364–2404	10–11 Jun 2010
JC048/27	–	Megacorer	54°00.67′	34°10.42′	2508	11–12 Jun 2010
JC048/28	168C	ROV	54°01.47′	34°10.63′	2445–2435	12–13 Jun 2010
JC048/29	169T	ROV	52°40.86′ 52°41.30′	35°04.20′ 35°04.82′	3599–3670	14 Jun 2010
JC048/33	170T	ROV	48°43.63′ 48°43.97′	28°38.87′ 28°39.35′	2500–2641	16 Jun 2010
JC048/34	–	Megacorer	48°45.76′	28°38.50′	2564	16–17 Jun 2010
JC048/36	171T, C	ROV	48°43.83′	28°39.61′	2500	19 Jun 2010
JC048/38	172C	ROV	48°43.63′	28°28.83′	2600	19–20 Jun 2010
JC048/40	173C	ROV	48°44.12′	28°39.34′	2623–2428	21 Jun 2010
JC048/42	–	Megacorer	48°45.70′	28°38.56′	2563	21 Jun 2010
JC048/43	174C	ROV	48°43.87′ 48°44.23′	28°39.01′ 28°39.57′	2620–2547	22 Jun 2010
JC048/48	176T	ROV	49°07.47′ 49°05.03′	27°49.89′ 27°50.41′	2741	23–24 Jun 2010
JC048/49	–	Megacorer	49°05.34′	27°50.22′	2768	24 Jun 2010
JC048/50	–	Megacorer	49°05.40′	27°50.23′	2770	24 Jun 2010
JC048/51	177T	ROV	49°00.82′ 49°02.95′	27°40.49′ 27°44.47′	2951–2227	26–27 Jun 2010
JC048/52	–	Megacorer	49°05.41′	27°50.19′	2775	27 Jun 2010
JC048/53	178C	ROV	49°01.44′	27°41.26′	2442–2630	27 Jun 2010
JC048/54	179C	ROV	49°05.91′	27°50.33′	2700	28 Jun 2010
JC048/56	180C	ROV	49°01.18′	27°42.33′	2758	29 Jun 2010
*T, benthic line transects; **C, collection dives.

Figure 2.  Hansenothuria sp. (A–C) Underwater photographs: (A) St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (B) St. JC048/40 Dive 173; (C) JC048/53 Dive 178. (D–G) Ossicles of papillae. (D) scale 0.1 mm; (E–G) scale 0.2 mm.

Figure 3.  Synallactes aff. crucifera, St. 48/16 Dive 162. (A–C) preserved specimen in dorsal, ventral, and lateral view; (D,E) dorsal ossicles, upper and side view; (F,G) ventral ossicles, upper and side view.

Figure 4.  Synallactidae gen. et sp. indet. (A,B) Underwater photographs: (A) St. JC048/40 Dive 173; (B) St. JC048/43 Dive 174. (C–E) St. JC048/43 Dive 174, ossicles of papillae, scale 0.05 mm; (F) St. JC048/43 Dive 174, tentacle ossicles, scale 0.2 mm; (G) St. JC048/43 Dive 174, gonad ossicles, scale 0.2 mm.

Figure 5.  Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., paratype, St. JC048/16, dive 162. (A,B) Dorsal and ventral view, scale 2 cm; (C) tentacle disc magnified; (D–H) dorsal ossicles, scale 0.1 mm; (I,J) ventral ossicles, scale 0.1 mm.

Figure 6.  Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., paratype, St. JC048/16, dive 162. (A–G) Tube feet; (H–L) papillae; (M–V) tentacles; (U) magnified ossicle (T). (F,U) scale A; all others scale B.

Figure 7.  (A–E) Amperima furcata (Hérouard, 1899). (A,B) St. JC048/43 Dive 174, dorsal and ventral view, scale A; (C–E) dorsal ossicles, St. JC048/54, Dive 179: (C) scale B; (D,E) scale C. (F–N) Ellipinion delagei (Hérouard, 1896), St. JC048/24 Dive 165. (F,G) Dorsal and ventral view, scale D; (H) distal part of tube foot, magnified; (I) ventral C-shaped ossicle, scale E; (J,K) ventral rods, scale F; (L–N) tube foot ossicles, scale G.

Figure 8.  Ellipinion alani sp. nov., holotype. (A) Dorsal view, scale A; (B–F) ventral ossicles; (G–M) tube foot ossicles; (N–R) tentacle ossicles. (D–F,M) scale B; (B,C,G–L,N–R) scale C.

Figure 9.  Peniagone azorica von Marenzeller, 1893, dorsal ossicles, side view, ha. (A–D) St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (E–G) St. JC011/101; (H–L) BIOICE Sample No. 2852. (da) Deflection angle.

Figure 10.  Peniagone islandica Deichmann, 1930, dorsal ossicles, side view. (A–D) St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (E–G) St. JC037/15; (H,I) St. JC048/54 Dive 179.

Figure 11.  Peniagone islandica Deichmann, 1930, dorsal ossicles, side view. (A–E) St. JC048/53 Dive 178; (F–J,K–M) two specimens from St. JC037/15.

Figure 12.  (A–G) Peniagone islandica Deichmann, 1930, St. JC048/53 Dive 178. (A,B) Dorsal and ventral view, scale A; (C–E) dorsal ossicles, scale C; (F,G) ventral ossicles, scale B. (H–J) Peniagone azorica von Marenzeller, 1893, St. JC011/101. (H,I) Dorsal ossicles, scale C; (J) ventral ossicles, scale B. (K–M) Peniagone longipapillata Gebruk, 2008. (K) Dorsal view, St. JC048/16 Dive 162, scale A; (L) dorsal ossicle of Peniagone-type, St. JC048/24 Dive 165, scale D; (M) dorsal rods, St. JC048/24 Dive 165, scale E.

Figure 13.  Peniagone coccinea sp. nov. (A) Paratype, St. JC048/43 Dive 174, dorsal view, scale 50 mm; (B,C) St. JC037/15, freshly caught specimen, scale 50 mm; (D–I) dorsal ossicles, scale 0.1 mm; (J–L) ventral ossicles scale 0.1 mm: (E,G,H,I,L) holotype; (D,F,J,K) St. JC037/15.

Figure 14.  Peniagone coccinea sp. nov., St. JC048/43 Dive 174. (A–G) Tube foot ossicles; (H–P) tentacle ossicles.

Figure 15.  Molpadia aff. blakei (Théel, 1886), St. JC037/27. (A–H) Body wall ossicles; (I–L) tail ossicles.

Figure 16.  (A,B) Labidoplax sp., St. JC037/15, body wall ossicles. (C,D) Gephyrothuria alcocki Koehler & Vaney, 1905. St. JC037/19. (C) Dorsal view, scale 25 mm; (D) tentacle disc, magnified. ap, anal papilla; gp, genital papilla; eg, endgut; pp, posterior protuberance.

Figure 17.  Underwater images. (A) Staurocucumis abyssorum, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (B) Benthothuria funebris, St. JC048/29 Dive 169; (C) Hansenothuria sp., St. JC048/40 Dive 173; (D) Mesothuria maroccana, St. JC048/40 Dive 173; (E) Benthodytes gosarsi, St. JC048/3 Dive 158; (F) Psychropotes depressa, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (G) Psychropotes depressa, St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (H) Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (I) Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., St. JC048/16 Dive 162; (J) Peniagone azorica, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (K) Amperima furcata, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (L) Myriotrochus clarki, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (M) Peniagone islandica and Amperima furcata, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (N) Ellipinion alani sp. nov., St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (O) Peniagone longipapillata, St. JC048/24 Dive 165.

Figure 18.  (A–J) Underwater images; (K–P) freshly caught specimens from ROV, photos courtesy: David Shale. (A) Paelopatides grisea, St. JC048/6 Dive 159; (B) Benthodytes lingua, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (C) Synallactidae gen. et sp. indet., St. JC048/40 Dive 173; (D) Pseudostichopus peripatus, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (E) Deima validum validum, St. JC048/43 Dive 174; (F,G) Peniagone longipapillata, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (H,I) Peniagone coccinea sp. nov., St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (J) Synallactes aff. crucifera, St. JC048/16 Dive 162; (K) Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., St. JC048/56, Dive 180; (L) Peniagone islandica, St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (M,N) Amperima furcata, St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (O) Peniagone coccinea sp. nov., St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (P) Peniagone longipapillata, St. JC048/16 Dive 162.

Figure 19.  Freshly caught specimens from trawls and ROV, photos courtesy: David Shale. (A) Abyssocucumis abyssorum, St. JC037/15; (B) Benthothuria funebris, St. JC037/15; (C) Amperima furcata, St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (D) Peniagone azorica, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (E) Peniagone coccinea sp. nov., St. JC048/54 Dive 179; (F) Ellipinion alani sp. nov., St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (G) Laetmogone billetti sp. nov., St. JC048/56, Dive 180; (H,I) Laetmogone billetti, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (J) Kolga nana, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (K) Ellipinion delagei, St. JC048/24 Dive 165; (L) Gephyrothuria alcocki, St. JC037/61.

Figure 20.  The role of the velum in locomotion. (A) Pressing force; (B) lifting force.

Figure 21.  Morphological diversification in Peniagone. Side view (left row) and shape of the velum (right row). (A) Peniagone azorica and Peniagone islandica; (B) Peniagone horrifer; (C) Peniagone coccinea sp. nov.; (D) Peniagone longipapillata; (E) Peniagone diaphana.

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