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Original Articles

How to monitor people ‘smartly’ to help reducing energy consumption in buildings?

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Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison on existing wireless-based indoor positioning systems (with space dimension 2D and 3D) (Source: Liu et al., Citation2007).

Figure 1. Printscreen of the space use.

Figure 1. Printscreen of the space use.

Figure 2. Total daily activity counts on the motion sensor for two-week period.

Figure 2. Total daily activity counts on the motion sensor for two-week period.

Figure 3. PIR measurements in all rooms versus overall human presence during a day.

Figure 3. PIR measurements in all rooms versus overall human presence during a day.

Figure 4. CO2 content in all rooms versus overall occupants' presence during a day.

Figure 4. CO2 content in all rooms versus overall occupants' presence during a day.

Figure 5. Total electricity consumption versus number of occupants during a day.

Figure 5. Total electricity consumption versus number of occupants during a day.

Figure 6. Location determination with time difference.

Figure 6. Location determination with time difference.

Figure 7. The occupancy patterns and power consumed during a day.

Figure 7. The occupancy patterns and power consumed during a day.

Table 2. Overview of the most frequent sensors used in wearable devices.

Figure 8. Example of motion sensor output from SenseCam accelerometer during a day.

Figure 8. Example of motion sensor output from SenseCam accelerometer during a day.

Figure 9. Example of position sensor output from SenseCam magnetometer during a day.

Figure 9. Example of position sensor output from SenseCam magnetometer during a day.

Figure 10. Example of physiological sensor output from Kalenji heart-rate monitor during a day.

Figure 10. Example of physiological sensor output from Kalenji heart-rate monitor during a day.

Figure 11. Example of environmental sensor output from living room thermometer during a day.

Figure 11. Example of environmental sensor output from living room thermometer during a day.

Figure 12. Example of environmental sensor output from SenseCam PIR during a day.

Figure 12. Example of environmental sensor output from SenseCam PIR during a day.

Appendix 1. Examples of commercialized wearable devices