Time trends in pediatric fractures in a Swedish city from 1950 to 2016

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of fractures, fracture incidences (per 10⁵ person-years), and proportions (%) of fractures in all children, boys and girls aged 0–15 years in Malmö, Sweden, during the years 2014–2016

	All children			Boys			Girls
	Number	Incidence	Proportion	Number	Incidence	Proportion	Number	Incidence	Proportion
All fractures	3,244	1,786	100	1,978	2,135	100	1,266	1,423	100
Axial	29	16	0.9	14	15	0.7	15	17	1.2
Face	12	7	0.4	7	8	0.4	5	6	0.4
Spine	8	4	0.2	3	3	0.2	5	6	0.4
Pelvis	9	5	0.3	4	4	0.2	5	6	0.4
Extremity	3,215	1,770	99	1,964	2,120	99	1,251	1,406	99
Upper extremity	2,520	1,388	78	1,562	1,686	79	958	1,077	76
Scapula	1	1	0.0	0	0	0.0	1	1	0.1
Clavicle	258	142	8.0	169	182	8.5	89	100	7.0
Humerus	358	197	11	183	198	9.3	175	197	14
Proximal	82	45	2.5	40	43	2.0	42	47	3.3
Diaphyseal	13	7	0.4	5	5	0.3	8	9	0.6
Distal	263	145	8.1	138	149	7.0	125	140	9.9
Forearm	1,288	709	40	791	854	40	497	558	39
Proximal	94	52	2.9	51	55	2.6	43	48	3.4
Diaphyseal	203	112	6.3	129	139	6.5	74	83	5.8
Distal	991	546	31	611	660	31	380	427	30
Hand	615	339	19	419	452	21	196	220	15
Carpal and metacarpal	175	96	5.4	145	157	7.3	30	34	2.4
Finger	440	242	14	274	296	14	166	187	13
Lower extremity	695	383	21	402	434	20	293	329	23
Femur	42	23	1.3	25	27	1.3	17	19	1.3
Proximal	4	2	0.1	0	0	0.0	4	4	0.3
Diaphyseal	25	14	0.8	19	21	1.0	6	7	0.5
Distal	13	7	0.4	6	6	0.3	7	8	0.6
Patella	10	6	0.3	6	6	0.3	4	4	0.3
Tibia	278	153	8.6	153	165	7.7	125	140	9.9
Proximal	42	23	1.3	30	32	1.5	12	13	0.9
Diaphyseal	176	97	5.4	92	99	4.7	84	94	6.6
Distal	60	33	1.8	31	33	1.6	29	33	2.3
Fibula	44	24	1.4	24	26	1.2	20	22	1.6
Proximal and diaphyseal	2	1	0.1	2	2	0.1	0	0	0.0
Distal	42	23	1.3	22	24	1.1	20	22	1.6
Foot	321	177	9.9	194	209	9.8	127	143	10
Mid- and hindfoot	11	6	0.3	7	8	0.4	4	4	0.3
Metatarsals	171	94	5.3	103	111	5.2	68	76	5.4
Toe	139	77	4.3	84	91	4.2	55	62	4.3

Figure 1. Fracture incidence per 10⁵ person-years in boys and girls aged 0–15 years in Malmц, Sweden, during the years 2014–2016. Data are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) per 1-year age class.

Table 2. Unadjusted and age-adjusted fracture incidence differences presented as incident rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals between periods of interest (2014–2016 in comparison with 1950/1955, 1960/1965, 1970/1975–1979, 1993–1994, 2005–2006) in all children aged 0–15 years in Malmö, Sweden

Nominator	2014–2016	2014–2016	2014–2016	2014–2016	2014–2016
Denominator	1950/1955	1960/1965	1970/1975–1979	1993–1994	2005–2006
Unadjusted	1.32 (1.24–1.41) ^a	1.23 (1.16–1.31) ^a	0.92 (0.88–0.96) ^a	0.95 (0.89–1.01)	0.97 (0.92–1.03)
Age-adjusted	1.40 (1.31–1.49) ^a	1.34 (1.26–1.43) ^a	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	0.98 (0.92–1.04)	1.05 (0.99–1.11)

^a Statistically significant changes.

Figure 6. Age-adjusted fracture incidence per 10⁵ person years in boys and girls aged 0–15 in Malmц, Sweden, during the years 1950–2016, estimated with joinpoint regression. ^a indicates statistically significant changes.