Similar risk of complete revision for infection with single-dose versus multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in primary arthroplasty of the hip and knee: results of an observational cohort study in the Dutch Arthroplasty Register in 242,179 patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Rate of complete revision for infection in the first 12 months following primary hip replacement by type of antibiotics regimen.

Figure 2. Rate of complete revision for infection in the first 12 months following primary knee replacement by type of antibiotics regimen.

Figure 3. Hazard ratio and 95% CI* of complete revision for infection in the first 12 months following primary hip replacement by type of antibiotics regimen (reference: cefazolin multiple dose). * Derived from unadjusted Poisson model with restricted cubic splines (3 degree of freedom) (see Appendix Table 2).

Figure 4. Hazard ratio and 95% CI* of complete revision for infection during the first 12 months following primary knee replacement by type of antibiotics regimen (reference: cefazolin multiple dose). *Derived from unadjusted Poisson model with restricted cubic splines (3 degree of freedom) (see Appendix Table 3).

Table 1. Hazard ratio (HR) of complete revision for infection in the first 12 months following primary hip replacement (reference: cefazolin multiple dose)

Months from primary procedure	cefazoline single dose HR (95% CI)	cefuroxime multiple dose HR (95% CI)
Unadjusted HR
1	0.45 (0.17–1.20)	1.82 (0.92–3.62)
2	0.50 (0.17–1.42)	1.92 (0.92–4.01)
3	0.60 (0.19–1.87)	1.59 (0.78–3.25)
6	1.04 (0.43–2.49)	1.03 (0.61–1.74)
9	1.59 (0.82–3.09)	0.76 (0.36–1.61)
12	2.18 (1.09–4.38)	0.61 (0.21–1.78)
Adjusted HR ^a
1	0.45 (0.17–1.20)	1.80 (0.92–3.52)
2	0.49 (0.17–1.38)	1.88 (0.92–3.86)
3	0.59 (0.19–1.79)	1.54 (0.77–3.08)
6	1.02 (0.43–2.39)	1.00 (0.60–1.68)
9	1.59 (0.83–3.02)	0.75 (0.35–1.61)
12	2.21 (1.12–4.38)	0.61 (0.20–1.81)

^a Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and ASA grade.

Table 2. Hazard ratio (HR) of complete revision for infection in the first 12 months following primary knee replacement (reference: cefazolin multiple dose)

Months from primary procedure	cefazoline single dose HR (95% CI)	cefuroxime multiple dose HR (95% CI)
Unadjusted HR
1	0.78 (0.33–1.84)	2.24 (0.48–10.5)
2	1.52 (0.78–2.95)	2.70 (1.15–6.30)
3	1.77 (0.86–3.63)	1.72 (0.54–5.50)
6	0.89 (0.15–5.26)	1.13 (0.66–1.91)
9	0.58 (0.26–1.26)	1.36 (0.59–3.11)
12	0.47 (0.09–2.40)	1.88 (0.58–6.10)
Adjusted HR ^a
1	0.78 (0.33–1.83)	2.34 (0.49–11.2)
2	1.55 (0.80–3.02)	2.70 (1.16–6.29)
3	1.81 (0.87–3.76)	1.71 (0.54–5.37)
6	0.89 (0.15–5.31)	1.15 (0.65–2.02)
9	0.58 (0.26–1.28)	1.38 (0.58–3.30)
12	0.47 (0.09–2.37)	1.88 (0.56–6.31)

^a Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and ASA grade